Christianities in Asia

List of Maps xi
<p>Notes on Contributors xiii</p>
<p>Preface xv</p>
<p>1. Introduction: Asian Christianity/Christianities 1<br /> Peter C. Phan</p>
<p>Which Asia? 1</p>
<p>Which Christianity? 2</p>
<p>Introducing Asian Christianities 4</p>
<p>2. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma/Myanmar 9<br /> Elizabeth Koepping</p>
<p>Local Basics 11</p>
<p>The Early Christian Presence in Mainland South Asia 14</p>
<p>The First Attack on Contextualized South Asian Christianity 16</p>
<p>A Second Attack on Contextualized South Asian Christianity 17</p>
<p>Contextualization in Early Roman Catholicism Elsewhere in South Asia 18</p>
<p>Protestant Contextualization the Pietists 19</p>
<p>The Baptists 21</p>
<p>Laity and the Expansion of Christianity 22</p>
<p>Contemporary Contextualisation in South Asia: Church, State, and People 24</p>
<p>Violent Attacks Against Christian Churches 26</p>
<p>Theological, Ecclesial, and Liturgical Contextualization 27</p>
<p>The Performance of Christianity in South Asia 33</p>
<p>Toward a Conclusion 35</p>
<p>3. Sri Lanka 45<br /> Jeyaraj Rasiah</p>
<p>The Land, its Make Up and the People 45</p>
<p>The Portuguese Period 46</p>
<p>The Dutch Period 47</p>
<p>The British Period 48</p>
<p>Independent Sri Lanka 52</p>
<p>At the Turn of the Century 55</p>
<p>The Present Scenario 56</p>
<p>Process of Inculturation and Contextualized Theology 56</p>
<p>Whither Sri Lanka? 57</p>
<p>4. Indonesia 61<br /> John Prior</p>
<p>Language 61</p>
<p>Cultural Diversity 61</p>
<p>Christian Diversity 62</p>
<p>Outward Form, Inner Spirit 62</p>
<p>Christians and Muslims 63</p>
<p>Papua: Dignity and Identity 63</p>
<p>Ambon: Conflict and Reconciliation 64</p>
<p>Sulawesi: Vibrant and Vocal 64</p>
<p>East Nusa Tenggara: Christian Heartlands 66</p>
<p>Bali: A Minority within a Minority 67</p>
<p>Java: Indigenous Roots 67</p>
<p>Java: Education 68</p>
<p>Java: Art and Music 68</p>
<p>Java: Movers and Shakers 69</p>
<p>Jakarta: Pietism and Social Engagement 70</p>
<p>Sumatra: Local Roots, National Leadership 71</p>
<p>Future Prospects 72</p>
<p>5. Malaysia and Singapore 77<br /> Edmund Kee–Fook Chia</p>
<p>The Countries and Their People 77</p>
<p>Political, Cultural, and Religious History 78</p>
<p>British Imperialism and Racial and Ethnic Politics 79</p>
<p>Christianity: Its Beginnings and Development 81</p>
<p>Christianity: A Foreign Religion 82</p>
<p>The Challenge of an Indigenous Church 84</p>
<p>The Challenge of Islamization 85</p>
<p>The Challenge of Ecumenism 87</p>
<p>The Challenge of Church–State Relations 88</p>
<p>The New and Growing Churches 90</p>
<p>6. The Philippines 97<br /> Jose Mario C. Francisco, S.J.</p>
<p>Transplanting Spanish Catholicism 98</p>
<p>Appropriating Christianity, Resisting Colonial Rule 102</p>
<p>(Re)Building Mission 108</p>
<p>Meeting National Challenges, Engaging the World 113</p>
<p>"In But Not Of This World"119</p>
<p>7. Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand 129<br /> Peter C. Phan</p>
<p>The Socialist Republic of Vietnam 130</p>
<p>Cambodia, Laos, Thailand 141</p>
<p>A Look Into the Future 144</p>
<p>8. Mainland China 149<br /> Ying Fuk–tsang</p>
<p>A New China 149</p>
<p>World Christianity and Chinese Christianity 150</p>
<p>Christianity with Chinese Characteristics 153</p>
<p>Christianity and Chinese Society 161</p>
<p>Christianity′s Prospects in China 162</p>
<p>9. Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau 173<br /> Lo Lung–kwong</p>
<p>Taiwan 173</p>
<p>Hong Kong 183</p>
<p>Macau 189</p>
<p>10. Japan 197<br /> Mark R. Mullins</p>
<p>Introduction 197</p>
<p>The Cultural Diversity of Christianity in Japan 198</p>
<p>Roman Catholic Mission in Pre–Modern Japan 198</p>
<p>Persecution and Martyrdom 199</p>
<p>Hidden Christians 200</p>
<p>The Second Phase of Christian Mission: Increasing Diversity 200</p>
<p>State Shinto and the Christian Churches 201</p>
<p>The Place of Nagasaki in Japanese Catholicism 202</p>
<p>Postwar Developments 203</p>
<p>The Wider Impact of Christianity: Education and Social Welfare 204</p>
<p>Christianity as a Japanese Religion: Diverse Appropriations 206</p>
<p>From "Paternal"to "Maternal"Religion 206</p>
<p>Uchimura Kanzo and the Non–church Movement 207</p>
<p>Inculturation and the Ancestors in Japanese Christianity 208</p>
<p>"Christian"Weddings and the Rites of Passage 209</p>
<p>Inter–Faith Dialogue 209</p>
<p>Future Prospects 210</p>
<p>11. South Korea 217<br /> Andrew Eungi Kim</p>
<p>Introduction 217</p>
<p>The Beginning of Christianity in Korea 219</p>
<p>Indigenous Christian Leaders, Past and Present 221</p>
<p>Christianity as an Agency of Modernization 223</p>
<p>The Rise of Christianity Amidst Rapid Industrialization and Urbanization 226</p>
<p>This–Worldly Orientation of Korean Protestantism 227</p>
<p>Individual Religiosity of Christians 228</p>
<p>The Future of Christianity in Korea 228</p>
<p>12. The Middle East 233<br /> Lois Farag</p>
<p>The Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch 234</p>
<p>The Church of the East 240</p>
<p>Missionary Activity of the Syriac Church 242</p>
<p>Churches in Arabia 243</p>
<p>The Maronite Church 245</p>
<p>The Armenians in the Middle East 249</p>
<p>The Last Century 251</p>
<p>Conclusion: Whither Asian Christianities? 255<br /> Peter C. Phan</p>
<p>A Prospective Glance 255</p>
<p>Future Directions: A Triple Dialogue 256</p>
<p>Asian and Pentecostal 259</p>
<p>Index 263</p>