Electrodes for Li–ion Batteries: Materials, Mechan isms and Performance

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii
<p>PREFACE&nbsp;ix</p>
<p>INTRODUCTION&nbsp;xi</p>
<p>CHAPTER 1. NEGATIVE ELECTRODES&nbsp;1</p>
<p>1.1. Preamble&nbsp;1</p>
<p>1.2. Classic materials: insertion mechanism&nbsp;3</p>
<p>1.2.1. Graphitic carbon&nbsp;3</p>
<p>1.2.2. Titanium oxides&nbsp;7</p>
<p>1.3. Toward other materials and other mechanisms&nbsp;13</p>
<p>1.3.1. Silicon&nbsp;14</p>
<p>1.3.2. Other block p elements&nbsp;19</p>
<p>1.4. Summary on negative electrodes&nbsp;27</p>
<p>CHAPTER 2. POSITIVE ELECTRODES&nbsp;29</p>
<p>2.1. Preamble&nbsp;29</p>
<p>2.2. Layered transition metal oxides as positive electrode materials for Li–ion batteries: from LiCoO2 to Li1+xM1–xO2&nbsp;30</p>
<p>2.2.1. The layered oxide LiCoO2: the starting point&nbsp;31</p>
<p>2.2.2. From LiNiO2, initially explored as an alternative to LiCoO2, to the commercialization of LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC)&nbsp;34</p>
<p>2.2.3. Electrode/electrolyte interfaces and aging phenomena in layered oxides&nbsp;40</p>
<p>2.2.4. High–capacity Li–rich layered oxides&nbsp;43</p>
<p>2.3. Alternatives to layered oxides&nbsp;49</p>
<p>2.3.1. Materials with spinel structure: from LiMn2O4 to LiNi1/2Mn3/2O4&nbsp;50</p>
<p>2.3.2. The olivine phase LiFePO4: a small revolution&nbsp;57</p>
<p>CONCLUSION 63</p>
<p>BIBLIOGRAPHY&nbsp;65</p>
<p>INDEX&nbsp;81</p>