Acoustical Aspects of Woodwind Instruments, Revised Edition

Preface to the Revised Edition vii(1) Foreword viii(1) C. W. Kosten Preface to the 1969 Edition ix Chapter 1. Introduction 1(14) 11. On music and musical instruments 1(3) 12. Aim of the investigations 4(1) 13. General acoustic concepts 5(5) 14. Survey of the calculation method 10(1) 15. Principles of hole calculation 11(3) 16. Recapitulation 14(1) Chapter 2. The excitation mechanism of woodwinds 15(30) 21. Introduction 15(1) 22. Longitudinal waves in cylindrical tubes 15(5) 23. Longitudinal waves in conical tubes 20(4) 24. Flutes 24(4) 25. Properties of reed excitation 28(7) 26. The clarinet 35(2) 27. Saxophones, oboe and bassoon 37(6) 28. Recapitulation 43(2) Chapter 3. Holes and bore perturbations 45(22) 31. Introduction 45(1) 32. Calculations for a tube with a single hole 45(5) a. The resonance condition 45(2) b. First order approximation 47(1) c. Exact solution of eq. (32.10) 48(1) d. Accuracy of first order approximation 49(1) e. Variation of parameters 50(1) 33. Tubes with more than one hole 50(3) 34. Register hole 53(1) 35. Closed side-holes 54(2) 36. Flaring tube-ends and smooth diameter-perturbations 56(4) 37. Curved bore 60(2) 38. End-corrections for tubes and side-holes 62(3) 39. Recapitulation 65(2) Chapter 4. Examples 67(29) 41. Introduction 67(1) 42. Measurements 67(1) 43. Procedure 68(4) 44. Results 72(20) a. Comment on the diagrams and the calculation of closed side-hole influences 72(1) b. Flutes 73(6) c. Clarinet 79(3) d. Saxophones 82(6) e. Oboe 88(2) f. Bassoon 90(2) 45. On the necessity of bore perturbations 92(1) 46. Tone-quality of woodwind instruments 93(2) 47. Discussion 95(1) General summary and conclusions 96(2) References 98(5) Tables 103(6) Addendum. Developments since 1969 109(28) A1. Introduction 109(1) A2. The air column and its excitation 109(1) A3. The reactive component of the impedance 110(1) a. Corrections at and due to side holes 111(9) b. Flanges 115(1) c. Total of open hole corrections 116(1) d. Diameter jumps 117(1) e. Toroidal bends 118(1) f. The ideal bore 119(1) A4. The resistive component of the impedance 120(2) A5. The excitation mechanism 122(7) a. Flute excitation 122(3) b. Reed excitation 125(4) A6. Applications of input impedance spectra 129(4) A7. Mouth, reed and wall vibrations 133(2) A8. Conclusions 135(2) References to the addendum 137(6) List of symbols 143(2) Index 145