Aircraft Propulsion And Gas Turbine Engines

List of Figures xvii Preface xxxi Acknowledgment xxxiii Abstract xxxv Part I Aero Engines and Gas Turbines 1(434) History and Classifications of Aero Engines 3(54) Prejet Engines---History 4(9) Early Activities in Egypt and China 4(1) Leonardo da Vinci 5(1) Branca's Stamping Mill 5(1) Newton's Steam Wagon 6(1) Barber's Gas Turbine 6(1) Miscellaneous Aero-Vehicles' Activities in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 7(1) The Wright Brothers 8(2) Significant Events up to the 1940s 10(1) Aero-Vehicle Activities 10(2) Reciprocating Engines 12(1) Jet Engines 13(15) Jet Engine Inventors: Dr. Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank Whittle 13(1) Sir Frank Whittle (1907-1996) 13(1) Dr. Hans von Ohain (1911-1998) 14(1) Turbojet Engines 15(3) Turboprop and Turboshaft Engines 18(3) Turbofan Engines 21(2) Propfan Engine 23(1) Pulsejet, Ramjet, and Scramjet Engines 24(1) Pulsejet Engine 24(1) Ramjet and Scramjet Engines 25(2) Industrial Gas Turbine Engines 27(1) Classifications of Aerospace Engines 28(1) Classification of Jet Engines 29(3) Ramjet 29(1) Pulsejet 30(1) Scramjet 31(1) Turboramjet 31(1) Turborocket 32(1) Classification of Gas Turbine Engines 32(11) Turbojet Engines 33(1) Turboprop 34(1) Turboshaft 35(2) Turbofan Engines 37(4) Propfan Engines 41(1) Advanced Ducted Fan 42(1) Industrial Gas Turbines 43(1) Non-Air-Breathing Engines 44(1) Future of Aircraft and Power Plant Industries 44(13) Closure 52(1) Problems 52(2) References 54(3) Performance Parameters of Jet Engines 57(40) Introduction 57(1) Thrust Force 57(10) Factors Affecting Thrust 67(3) Jet Nozzle 67(1) Air Speed 68(1) Mass Air Flow 68(1) Altitude 68(1) Ram Effect 69(1) Engine Performance Parameters 70(27) Propulsive Efficiency 70(5) Thermal Efficiency 75(1) Propeller Efficiency 76(1) Overall Efficiency 77(3) Takeoff Thrust 80(1) Specific Fuel Consumption 81(1) Aircraft Range 82(3) Range Factor 85(1) Endurance Factor 85(2) Specific Impulse 87(4) Problems 91(3) References 94(3) Pulsejet and Ramjet Engines 97(50) Introduction 97(1) Pulsejet Engines 97(9) Introduction 97(1) Valved Pulsejet 98(4) Valveless Pulsejet 102(1) Pulse Detonation Engine 103(3) Ramjet Engines 106(23) Ideal Ramjet 107(3) Real Cycle 110(19) Case Study 129(12) Summary and Governing Equations for Shock Waves and Isentropic Flow 141(6) Summary 141(1) Normal Shock Wave Relations 141(1) Oblique Shock Wave Relations 142(1) Rayleigh-Flow Equations 142(1) Isentropic Relation 142(1) Problems 143(2) References 145(2) Turbojet Engine 147(68) Introduction 147(2) Single Spool 149(29) Examples of Engines 149(1) Thermodynamic Analysis 150(1) Ideal Case 150(15) Actual Case 165(10) Comparison of Operative and Inoperative Afterburners 175(3) Two-Spool Engine 178(10) Nonafterburning Engine 179(1) Examples of Engines 179(1) Thermodynamic Analysis