All Mankind is One - A Study of the Disputation Between Bartolome de Las Casas and Juan Gines de Sepulveda on the Religious and Intellectual Capaci

Explanations and Acknowledgments xi I. THE NATURE OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS ACCORDING TO THE SPANIARDS The Controversy up to 1550 3(14) The Bull Sublimis Deus 17(5) Should Indians Be Educated? 22(5) The Retraction of Domingo de Betanzos 27(7) ``A Deadly Enemy of the Indians'': The Royal Historian Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes 34(6) Oviedo's Basic Views on Indians 40(17) II. PRELUDE TO THE BATTLE AT VALLADOLID BETWEEN LAS CASAS AND SEPULVEDA Preliminary Skirmishings, 1547 - 1550 57(10) The Sessions at Valladolid 67(2) Sepulvedas Position 69(4) III. ANALYSIS OF LAS CASAS'S TREATISE The Two Treatises Prepared by Las Cases to Combat Sepulveda 73(6) An Overview of the Argument 79(3) The First Section: Las Casas's Response to Sepulveda's Four Reasons for Justifying War Against the Indians in Order to Convert Them 82(17) Rebuttal of Sepulveda's First Argument: Indians Are Barbarous Rebuttal of Sepulveda's Second Argument: Indians Commit Crimes Against Natural Law Rebuttal of Sepulveda's Third Argument: Indians Oppress and Kill Innocent Persons Rebuttal of Sepulveda's Fourth Argument: War May Be Waged Against Infidels in Order to Prepare the Way for Preaching the Faith The Second Section: Las Casas's Comments on the Authorities Cited by Sepulveda to Support His Argument 99(14) John Major Francisco de Vitoria Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes The Papal Bull of Alexander VI IV. THE AFTERMATH OF THE CONFLICT Echoes of the Controversy to 1573 113(9) Continued Conflict on the Capacity of the Indians 122(17) Peanuts, Polarization, Polemics, and Paranoia 139(14) A Summation 153(10) Appendices 163(14) 1. Statement by Dr. Richard Konetzke 2. Comments by Dr. Harold B. Johnson, Jr., on Dr. Konetzke's Statement in Appendix 1 3. The Retraction by Domingo de Betanzos, O.P., Dated 13 September 1549 4. A Note on Dr. Edmundo O'Gorman's Views on the Apologetica Historia of Las Casas 163(14) Bibliography and References 177(20) Index 197