An Introduction to Politics : Lectures for First Year Students, 3rd Edition

List of Tables and Figures x Preface xi Introduction xiii SECTION I Political Behaviour, Political Culture, and Political Socialization 1(28) Political Behaviour 3(4) Political Participation 4(3) Political Culture 7(12) Political Culture and Political Behaviour 8(1) Attitudes and Values 9(2) Political Values 10(1) Attitudes to Political and National Institutions 11(1) Attitudes to Political Identity 12(3) The Primary Points of Reference by Which People Define Themselves 13(1) The Extent of Attachment to a Particular National Identity 13(1) The Basis of Attachment 14(1) Attitudes to Leadership 15(4) The Quality of Deference 15(1) Charismatic Leadership 15(1) Paternalist Leadership 15(1) Managerialist Leadership 16(1) Egalitarianism 16(3) Changes in Political Behaviour and Political Culture 19(6) Social Factors and Forces 19(6) The Rapid Rise in Levels of Education 19(1) Access to Information 19(3) Population Movements 22(1) Rapid Urbanization 22(1) Opportunity Structure 23(2) Political Socialization 25(4) Primary Political Socialization 25(1) Secondary Political Socialization 26(3) SECTION II The Changing Definition of Political Science and of Politics 29(6) Politics and the Nature of Political Science 31(4) SECTION III Democracy: Representative and Participatory; Parliamentary and Presidential 35(20) The State 37(4) The Drive to Independence 38(1) Classification 39(2) Population Size 39(1) History, Economic Structure, and Economic Organization 40(1) Source of Authority 40(1) Authoritarian States 41(2) Democratic States 43(4) Types of Democracy 47(8) Direct and Indirect Democracy 47(2) Direct Democracy 47(1) Indirect Democracy 48(1) Welfare and Minimalist States 49(1) Welfare States 50(1) Minimalist State 50(1) Presidential Democracy and the Parliamentary Democracy 50(3) Presidential Democracy 51(1) Parliamentary Democracy 52(1) Main Weaknesses of the Presidential and Parliamentary Systems 52(1) The Presidential System 52(1) The Parliamentary System 53(1) The Semi-Presidential System 53(1) Summary 53(2) SECTION IV The Presidential and Parliamentary Systems of Government 55(24) The American Presidential System and the British Parliamentary System 57(16) The Legislature 59(1) Legislative Structure in the United States and Britain 60(3) Election of Members of Congress 60(1) Structure of the British Parliament 61(2) The Executive 63(6) The United States 63(3) Britain 66(3) The Judiciary 69(4) The United States 69(2) The United Kingdom 71(2) The Issue of Reforms 73(6) The Reform Process in the United States 73(3) The Reform Process in the United Kingdom 76(3) SECTION V The Transition from Communism and Post-Communism 79(20) Historical Overview 81(6) Features of Communism 82(1) Aspects of the Political Culture 83(1) Performance of the Communist System 84(3) Reasons for the Collapse of Communism 87(4) Economic Reasons 87(1) Political Reasons 87(4) Structure of Government under Post-Communism 91(4) The Executive 91(1) The Legislature 91(1) The Judiciary 92(1) Results of Elections Following Communism 92(3) The Post-Communist Economy 95(4) Prospects of Post-Communist Systems 97(2) SECTION VI The Anglophone Caribbean State: Decolonization, Contemporary Constitutions, and Reform Proposals 99(18) Decolonization 101(4) The Process of Decolonization 101(1) The Independence Constitution Drafted by Jamaica in 1962 102(3) Features of Caribbean Parliamentary Democracies 105(6) The Executive 105(1) The Legislature 106(1) The Judiciary 106(1) Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms 107(1) Differences between the Parliamentary System in Britain and the Caribbean 107(4) Constitutional Reform 111(6) Main Areas of Agreement 111(1) Radical Proposals for Constitutional Reform 112(2) The Executive 112(1) The Legislature 113(1) Other Radical Reform Measures 113(1) Moderate Proposals for Constitutional Reform 114(2) The Main Criticisms of the Radical and Moderate Reforms Proposed for Caribbean Constitutions 116(1) SECTION VII Contemporary Caribbean Politics: Globalization, Regionalism, and Political Change 117(16) Contemporary Caribbean Politics 119(4) Positive Aspects 119(1) Negatives Aspects 120(3) Globalization 123(10) Revolutionary Technologies 123(2) Political Influences 125(2) New Policies 127(6) Positive Features of the New Policies 128(1) Negative Features of the New Policies 129(4) APPENDIX Introduction to Political Institutions 133 Sample of Past Examinations 133 April/May 2002 133 December 2001 134 April/May 2001 134 December 2000 134 April 2000 135 December 1999 135