An Introduction to the Shoshoni Language : Dammen Daigwape

Acknowledgments ix How to Use This Book 1(2) Introduction The Shoshoni Language 3(1) Origins of the Shoshoni Language 3(1) The Names ``Shoshoni'' and ``Snake'' Indians 4(1) Origin of the Shoshoni People 5(1) History of the Fort Hall Reservation 6(3) Shoshoni Orthography and Pronunciation The Shoshoni Writing System 9(1) Shoshoni Sounds and Pronunciation 10(7) Vowels 10(1) Diphthongs 11(1) Voiceless Vowels 12(1) Consonants 12(3) Final Features 15(2) Stress Accent 17(1) Minimal Pairs 17(1) Words of Advice to the Learner 17(1) Glossary of Grammatical Terms 18(5) Tsaangu beaichehku Vocabulary for Dialog 1 23(1) Dialog 1 24(1) Vocabulary for Dialog 2 24(1) Dialog 2 25(1) Language and Culture 26(3) Greetings 26(1) Greetings Etiquette 26(1) Male and Female Speech 27(1) Intonation 27(1) Liaison 28(1) Spelling and Dialects 28(1) Pausal and Fluent Speech Forms 28(1) Grammar 29(5) Number 29(1) Nouns 29(1) First and Second Person Subject Case Pronouns 30(1) First and Second Person Possessive Case Pronouns 31(1) Word Order 32(1) Postpositions 33(1) Questions 33(1) Where? 34(1) Vocabulary for Drills 34(1) Drill 1 35(1) Drill 2 35(2) Masen newe du hagai' nanihade? Vocabulary for Dialog 1 37(1) Dialog 1 38(1) Vocabulary for Dialog 2 39(1) Dialog 2 39(2) Language and Culture 41(3) More on Liaison and Final Features 41(1) The Shoshoni Kinship System 41(2) Visiting a Shoshoni House 43(1) Grammar 44(6) Introduction to the Shoshoni Verb 44(1) -'yu (Progressive Aspect) and -pe'nni/-fe'nni (Continuative Aspect) 45(1) -deN (Customary-Habitual Aspect) 46(1) -ka (Resultative Aspect) 46(1) -du'i (Future Tense) 46(1) -nuhi (Expective Tense) 47(1) -nnu (Completive Tense) 47(1) Dual and Plural Forms of mi'a'yu 47(1) Yes/No Questions and the Particle ha 48(1) Demonstrative Pronouns: Subject Case 48(1) Liaison and Final Features 49(1) Vocabulary for Drills 50(1) Drill 1 50(1) Drill 2 51(1) Drill 3 51(1) Drill 4 52(3) Hinna enne hanni'yu? Vocabulary for Dialog 1 55(1) Dialog 1 56(1) Vocabulary for Dialog 2 57(1) Dialog 2 58(1) Language and Culture 59(2) Traditional Shoshoni Courtship and Marriage 59(1) Gift Giving 60(1) Grammar 61(5) gande and ba'i 61(1) Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 62(1) The Verb ``To Be'' 62(1) Object Case of Nouns 62(3) Possessive Case of Nouns 65(1) What? hinni and hinna 65(1) Vocabulary for Drills 66(1) Drill 1 67(1) Drill 2 67(1) Drill 3 68(1) Drill 4 68(2) Drill 5 70(3) Haga' ne nambe? Vocabulary for Dialog 1 73(1) Dialog 1 73(3) Vocabulary for Dialog 2 76(1) Dialog 2 76(3) Language and Culture 79(1) Code-Switching 79(1) Grammar 79(8) More on Postpositions 79(1) The Postpositional Adjunct -i 80(1) The Postpositional Adjunct -ku 80(1) The Postpositional Adjunct -teN 81(1) The Postpositional Adjunct -tuN 81(1) The Postpositional Adjunct -ti 82(1) Adjectives 82(1) Colors 83(1) The Future Tense in English and Shoshoni 83(1) The Past Tense in English and Shoshoni 83(1) The Present Tense in English and Shoshoni 83(2) Imperatives 85(1) The Auxiliary Verbs -kua', -nei', and -ki 86(1) Instrumental Prefixes 86(1) Vocabulary for Drills 87(1) Drill 1 88(1) Drill 2 89(1) Drill 3 89(1) Drill 4 90(1) Drill 5 90(3) Himbai'gandei' ennem bungu ba'i? Vocabulary for Dialog 1 93(1) Dialog 1 94(1) Vocabulary for Dialog 2 95(1) Dialog 2 96(1) Grammar 97(6) Numerals 97(3) Dual and Plural Forms of Nouns 100(1) Dual and Plural Forms of Adjectives 100(1) Plural Forms of Verbs 101(1) Counting Objects 102(1) Asking about Prices 103(1) Vocabulary for Drills 103(1) Drill 1 103(1) Drill 2 104(1) Maitengate hagai' neesungaahka? Vocabulary for Dialog 1 105(1) Dialog 1 106(1) Vocabulary for Dialog 2 107(1) Dialog 2 108(2) Language and Culture 110(1) Talking about Oneself and Being Polite 110(1) Grammar 110(8) More Demonstrative Pronouns: s- Prefix; Object and Possessive Cases 110(1) Adverbs of Place and Time 111(2) Adjectives 113(1) The Participial Suffixes: -deN and -pe 114(1) Prefinal Verbal Suffix: -'i 115(1) Coordination 115(1) Verbs Expressing Likes and Dislikes 116(1) Independent and Dependent (Relative) Clauses 116(1) The Subordinating Verbal Suffix: -gu 117(1) The Infinitive/Gerund Subordinating Verb Suffix: -'nna 117(1) The Nominalizing Suffix: -deN 118(1) Vocabulary for Drills 118(2) Drill 1 120(1) Drill 2 120(1) Drill 3 121(2) Beaichehkuse, hinna enne hanni'yu? Vocabulary for Dialog 1 123(2) Dialog 1 125(1) Vocabulary for Dialog 2 126(1) Dialog 2 127(1) Language and Culture 128(8) Orthographies 128(1) Orthography and Ideology 129(1) Shoshoni Orthographies 129(1) The Miller Orthography 130(3) Example Words in the Miller Orthography 133(3) Grammar 136(4) Directional Verb Suffixes: -ki-, -kuaN-, -nei- 136(1) Showing Habituality and the Verbal Suffixes: -'i-, -'ai-, -mi'i- 137(1) Auxiliary Verbs 137(1) The Unspecified Object Prefix: de- 138(1) How to Say ``after [verb]-ing'' and ``after [verb]-ed'' 138(1) Telling the Time 139(1) Nominalized Verbs 140(1) Vocabulary for Drills 140(2) Drill 1 142(1) Drill 2 142(3) Hagapunde sikihyunde? Simple Readings in Shoshoni 145(9) Babizhii' 145(1) Ha'nii' 146(1) Buhni'atsi 146(1) Mumbichi 146(2) Ne hinni? (1) 148(2) Ne hinni? (2) 150(1) Dammen Duku 151(3) Further Study of the Shoshoni Language 154(1) A List of Sources on Shoshoni History, Culture, and Language 155(4) Shoshoni--English Glossary 159(24) English--Shoshoni Glossary 183(20) Index 203