An Introduction to Women's Studies : Gender in a Transnational World

Acknowledgments xv Preface to the Second Edition xvii Introducing Women's Studies: Gender in a Transnational World xx PART ONE: SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF GENDER 1(148) Introductory Essay 1(5) SECTION 1: Sex Differences and Changing Ideas of Gender 6(27) A Nelly Oudshoorn, "Sex and the Body" 6(4) B Emily Martin, "The Egg and the Sperm" 10(5) C Kathryn M. Ringrose, "Byzantine Medical Lore and the Gendering of Eunuchs" 15(6) D Charlotte Furth, "Androgynous Males and Deficient Females: Biology and Gender Boundaries in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century China" 21(8) E Carole S. Vance, "Social Construction Theory: Problems in the History of Sexuality" 29(4) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 32(1) SECTION 2: The Rise of Western Science 33(19) A Linda Gordon, "Magic" 33(2) B Sheila Rowbotham, "Feminist Approaches to Technology" 35(6) C Anne Fausto-Sterling, "The Biological Connection" 41(2) D Stephen Jay Gould, "Women's Brains" 43(4) E Udo Schuklenk, Edward Stein, Jacinta Kerin, and William Byne, "The Ethics of Genetic Research on Sexual Orientation" 47(5) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 51(1) SECTION 3: The Making of Race, Sex, and Empire 52(23) A Ian F. Haney López, "The Social Construction of Race" 52(5) B Linda Gordon, "Malthusianism" 57(3) C Anna Davin, "Imperialism and Motherhood" 60(6) D Frank Dikötter, "Race Culture: Recent Perspectives on the History of Eugenics" 66(3) E Evelynn M. Hammonds, "New Technologies of Race" 69(6) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 74(1) SECTION 4: Medicine in a Historical Perspective 75(24) A Nongenile Masithathu Zenani, "And So I Grew Up" 75(2) B Barbara Ehrenreich and Dierdre English, "Exorcising the Midwives" 77(3) C David Arnold, "Women and Medicine" 80(5) D Ben Barker-Benfield, "Sexual Surgery in Late-Nineteenth-Century America" 85(6) E Rogaia Abusharaf, "Unmasking Tradition" 91(8) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 98(1) SECTION 5: Population Control and Reproductive Rights: Technology and Power 99(20) A Susan Davis, "Contested Terrain: The Historical Struggle for Fertility Control" 99(4) B Angela Davis, "Reproductive Rights" 103(4) C Betsy Hartmann, "Family Matters" 107(5) D Committee on Women, Population and the Environment, "Call for a New Approach" 112(2) E Debra Harry, "The Human Genome Diversity Project: Implications for Indigenous Peoples" 114(5) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 118(1) SECTION 6: Strategizing Health Education and Advocacy 119(30) A Maureen Larkin, "Global Aspects of Health and Health Policy in Third World Countries" 119(10) B Sandra Morgen, "Conceiving History" 129(4) C Nadia Farah, "The Egyptian Women's Health Book Collective" 133(2) D Andrea Densham, "CDC, NIH, ACS, FDA-Alphabet City: The Institutional and Organizational Terrain of Breast Cancer and AIDS Activism" 135(3) E Kathryn Carovano, "More Than Mothers and Whores: Redefining the AIDS Prevention Needs of Women" 138(4) F Sabine Russell, "The Role of Prostitution in South Asia's Epidemic: Push for Safe Sex in Red-Light Districts" 142(2) G National Latina Health Organization, "Norplant Information Sheet" 144(11) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 147(2) PART TWO: GENDERED IDENTITIES IN NATIONS AND STATES 149(116) Introductory Essay 149(6) SECTION 7: Citizenship and Equality: The Private/Public Divide 155(19) A Carole Pateman, "Feminist Critiques of the Public/Private Dichotomy" 155(5) B Amy Kaplan, "Manifest Domesticity" 160(4) C Mary Wollstonecraft, Excerpt from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 164(3) D Jan Jindy Pettman, "Women and Citizenship" 167(3) E Athalia Molokomme, Lelobe Molema, Opha Dube, Motsei Madisa, Ruth Motsete, and Onalenna Selowane, "Citizenship: An Open Letter to the Attorney-General" 170(4) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 173(1) SECTION 8: Gender and the Rise of the Modern State 174(21) A Jan Jindy Pettman, "Women, Gender, and the State" 174(7) B Jeffrey Weeks, "Power and the State" 181(4) C Margot Badran, "Competing Agenda: Feminists, Islam, and the State in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Egypt" 185(5) D Gail Bederman, "Remaking Manhood through Race and 'Civilization- 190(5) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 194(1) SECTION 9: New Social Movements and Identity Politics 195(22) A Kathryn Woodward, "Concepts of Identity and Difference" 195(3) B Alexandra Kollontai, "Feminism and the Question of Class" 198(2) C Kimberlé Crenshaw, "Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color" 200(7) D Alma M. Garcia, "The Development of Chicano Feminist Discourse" 207(4) E Lisa Duggan, "Making It Perfectly Queer" 211(6) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 216(1) SECTION 10: Communities and Nations 217(23) A Nira Yuval-Davis, "Gender and Nation" 217(5) B Cynthia Enloe, "Nationalism and Masculinity" 222(7) C Amrita Basu, "Feminism Inverted: The Gendered Imagery and Real Women of Hindu Nationalism" 229(5) D Kathleen M. Blee, "The First Ku Klux Klan" 234(6) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 239(1) SECTION 11: Feminist Organizing across Borders 240(25) A Leila J. Rupp, "The International First Wave" 240(5) B Farida Shaheed, "Controlled or Autonomous: Identity and the Experience of the Network, Women Living under Muslim Laws" 245(4) C Lepa Mladjenovic and Vera Litricin, "Belgrade Feminists 1992: Separation, Guilt, and Identity Crisis" 249(5) D Winnie Woodhull, "Global Feminists, Transnational Political Economies, Third World Cultural Production" 254(6) E Laura Hershey, "Disabled Women Organize Worldwide" 260(9) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 263(2) PART THREE: REPRESENTATIONS, CULTURES, MEDIA, AND MARKETS 265(118) Introductory Essay 265(4) SECTION 12: Ways of Seeing: Representation and Art Practices 269(13) A John Berger, Excerpts from Ways of Seeing 269(4) B Catherine King, "Making Things Mean: Cultural Representation in Objects" 273(3) C Suzanne Lustig, "How and Why Did the Guerrilla Girls Alter the Art World Establishment in New York City, 1985-1995?" 276(6) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 281(1) SECTION 13: Artistic Production and Reception 282(16) A Judith Fryer Davidov, "Prologue" 282(4) B Judith Halberstam, "Mackdaddy, Superfly, Rapper: Gender, Race, and Masculinity in the Drag King Scene" 286(3) C Andrea Weiss, "Female Pleasures and Perversions in the Silent and Early Sound Cinema" 289(4) D Lila Abu-Lughod, "The Interpretation of Culturelsl after Television" 293(5) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 297(1) SECTION 14: Gender and Literacy: The Rise of Print and Media Cultures 298(16) A Stuart Ewen and Elizabeth Ewen, "The Bribe of Frankenstein" 298(3) B Rassundari Devi, "The Sixth Composition" 301(3) C Pat Dean, "Literacy: Liberation or Lip Service?" 304(1) D M.S. Mlahleki, "Literacy: No Panacea for Women's Problems" 305(2) E William Wresch, "World Media" 307(7) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 313(1) SECTION 15: Representing Women in Colonial Contexts 314(15) A Judith Williamson, "Woman Is an Island: Femininity and Colonization" 314(3) B Catherine A. Lutz and Jane L. Collins, Excerpts from Reading National Geographic 317(4) C Marnia Lazreg, "Feminism and Difference" 321(3) D Sara Graham-Brown, Excerpt from Images of Women: The Portrayal of Women in Photography of the Middle East 324(5) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 328(1) SECTION 16: Consumer Culture and the Business of Advertising 329(16) A Robert Bocock, "Gender and Consumption" 329(2) B Elaine S. Abelson, "Urban Women and the Emergence of Shopping" 331(7) C Jennifer Scanlon, Excerpt from Inarticulate Longings 338(4) D Amy Gluckman and Betsy Reed, "The Gay Marketing Moment" 342(3) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 344(1) SECTION 17: Consumer Beauty Culture: Commodifying the Body 345(24) A Rosalind Coward, "The Body Beautiful" 345(3) B Nancy Worcester, "Nourishing Ourselves" 348(8) C Roland Marchand, "Grotesque Moderne" 356(3) D Celestine Bohlen, "Italians Contemplate Beauty in a Caribbean Brow" 359(2) E Barry Bearak, "Ugliness in India over Miss World" 361(2) F Rone Tempest, "Barbie and the World Economy" 363(6) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 368(1) SECTION 18: Cyberculture 369(14) A Somini Sengupta, "When Do-Gooders Don't Know What They're Doing" 369(2) B Juana Maria Rodriguez, "'Welcome to the Global Stage': Confessions of a Latina Cyber-Slut" 371(4) C Vernadette V. Gonzalez and Robyn Magalit Rodriguez, "Filipina.com: Wives, Workers, and Whores on the Cyber Frontier" 375(13) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 381(2) PART FOUR: GENDERING GLOBALIZATION AND DISPLACEMENT 383(113) Introductory Essay 383(5) SECTION 19: Travel and Tourism 388(23) A Cynthia Enloe, "On the Beach: Sexism and Tourism" 388(8) B Mary Seacole, "Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands" 396(4) C Sylvia M. Jacobs, "Give a Thought to Africa: Black Women Missionaries in Southern Africa" 400(6) D Sylvia Chant, "Female Employment in Puerto Vallarta: A Case Study" 406(5) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 410(1) SECTION 20: Forced Relocations and Removals 411(16) A Lydia Potts, Excerpt from The World Labor Market: A History of Migration 411(4) B Wilma Mankiller and Michael Wallis, Excerpt from Mankiller: A Chief and Her People 415(4) C Phil Marfleet, "The Refugee" 419(2) D Ayesha Khan, "Afghan Refugee Women's Experience of Conflict and Disintegration" 421(6) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 426(1) SECTION 21: Diasporas 427(17) A Stuart Hall, "From 'Routes' to Roots" 427(1) B Claudette Williams, "Gal...You Come from Foreign" 428(7) C Mimi Nguyen, "Viet Nam: Journal/Journey" 435(5) D Ella Shohat, "Dislocated Identities: Reflections of an Arab Jew" 440(4) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 443(1) SECTION 22: Women, Work, and Immigration 444(19) A Evelyn Nakano Glenn, "Women and Labor Migration" 444(5) B Leslie Salzinger, "A Maid by Any Other Name: The Transformation of 'Dirty Work' by Central American Immigrants" 449(4) C Rigoberta Menchú, "A Maid in the Capital" 453(5) D Satoko Watenabe, "From Thailand to Japan: Migrant Sex Workers as Autonomous Subjects" 458(5) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 462(1) SECTION 23: The Gender Politics of Economic Globalization 463(16) A Augusta Dwyer, "Welcome to the Border" 463(4) B Human Rights Watch, "Sex Discrimination in the Maquiladoras" 467(2) C Amber Ault and Eve Sandberg, "Our Policies, Their Consequences: Zambian Women's Lives under Structural Adjustment" 469(5) D Faye V. Harrison, "The Gendered Politics and Violence of Structural Adjustment: A View from Jamaica" 474(5) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 478(1) SECTION 24: Global Food Production and Consumption 479(17) A Ecumenical Coalition for Economic Justice, "Tomasito's Guide to Economic Integration: A Whirlwind Tour with Your Guide Tomasito, the Tomato" 479(2) B Martha McMahon, "Resisting Globalization: Women Organic Farmers and Local Food Systems" 481(4) C Helen Zweifel, "The Gendered Nature of Biodiversity Conservation" 485(6) D Nancy Worcester, "The Obesity of the Food Industry" 491(5) REFLECTING ON THE SECTION 495(1) CONCLUSION: FEMINIST FUTURES: TRANSNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES 496 Concluding Comment 496(1) A Cynthia Enloe, "Beyond the Global Victim" 496 REFLECTING ON THE CONCLUSION 498 Bibliography: Works Excerpted B1 List of Illustrations I1 Credits C1 Index IN1