Biological Inorganic Chemistry : Structure and Reactivity

List of Contributors xix Preface xxiii Acknowledgments xxv Introduction and Text Overview 1(4) Ivano Bertini Harry B. Gray Edward I. Stiefel Joan Selverstone Valentine The Elements of Life 1(1) Functional Roles of Biological Inorganic Elements 1(2) A Guide to This Text 3(2) PART A Overviews of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 5(132) Bioinorganic Chemistry and the Biogeochemical Cycles 7(24) Edward I. Stiefel Introduction 7(1) The Origin and Abundance of the Chemical Elements 8(4) The Carbon/Oxygen/Hydrogen Cycles 12(4) The Nitrogen Cycle 16(4) The Sulfur Cycle 20(4) The Interaction and Integration of the Cycles 24(5) Conclusions 29(2) Metal Ions and Proteins: Binding, Stability, and Folding 31(12) Ivano Bertini Paola Turano Introduction 31(1) The Metal Cofactor 31(2) Protein Residues as Ligands for Metal Ions 33(4) Genome Browsing 37(1) Folding and Stability of Metalloproteins 37(3) Kinetic Control of Metal Ion Delivery 40(3) Special Cofactors and Metal Clusters 43(14) Lucia Banci Ivano Bertini Claudio Luchinat Paola Turano Why Special Metal Cofactors? 43(3) Types of Cofactors, Structural Features, and Occurrence 46(8) Cofactor Biosynthesis 54(3) Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biology 57(22) Thomas J. Lyons David J. Eide Introduction 57(2) Metal Ion Bioavailability 59(2) General Properties of Transport Systems 61(5) Iron Illustrates the Problems of Metal Ion Transport 66(4) Transport of Metal Ions Other Than Iron 70(1) Mechanisms of Metal Ion Storage and Resistance 71(3) Intracellular Metal Ion Transport and Trafficking 74(2) Summary 76(3) Biominerals and Biomineralization 79(16) Stephen Mann Introduction 79(1)