Chechnya - Life in a War-Torn Society : Life in a War-Torn Society

Foreword ix Mikhail S. Gorbachev Preface xv Ethnography and Theory 1(15) A Moral Dilemma 1(2) War as an Ethnographic Field 3(2) The Method of the Delegated Interview 5(2) Explanatory Models and Theories of Research 7(3) Self-Determination as a Political Project 10(2) The Demodernization Phenomenon 12(4) Indigenization, Deportation, and Return 16(16) On the Use and Misuse of History and Ethnography 16(5) The Soviet Policy of Indigenization 21(4) The Trauma of Deportation 25(3) The Daily Experience of Deportation 28(1) Searching for Answers 29(3) Contradictory Modernization 32(17) The Return Home 32(3) Political Status and Local Elites 35(5) The Contradictions of Modernization and Chechen Disloyalty 40(5) Education and the New Generation 45(2) On Language and History 47(2) Chechen Images 49(8) The Changing Concept of the People 50(4) Differentiating among Chechens 54(3) The Road to War 57(18) ``National Revolution'' 60(3) The Failures and Miscalculations of Chechen Secession 63(5) The Response from the Center 68(4) An Early Evaluation 72(3) Dzhokhar: Hero and Devil 75(15) The Media Image of Dudayev 75(2) A Proud and Complicated Man 77(3) Mass Perceptions 80(2) Dudayev and War 82(4) Postwar Glorification 86(2) Post Totalitarian Charismatic Leaders 88(2) The Sons of War 90(17) The Boyeyiki 90(2) Joining the Ranks 92(3) Fear and Bravery 95(2) The Kalashnikov Culture 97(1) Why Fight? 98(2) ``Renegades, Idlers, and Parasites'' 100(3) A Wave of Greed 103(2) The Veterans of War 105(2) The Culture of Hostage-Taking 107(20) The Political and Psychological Obstacles 108(6) Why Abductions? 114(2) Who Might Be Kidnapped---and How 116(3) Organizers and Executors 119(3) Domestic Prisons 122(2) Abductions and Higher Politics 124(3) Violence in Secessionist Warfare 127(24) Imaging and Targeting the Enemy 129(3) Disbelief and Shock at the Outset of the War 132(3) The Cruelty of Both Sides 135(5) Postwar Perceptions of the Violence 140(2) A Conspiracy against the People 142(3) War as Inferno 145(1) Defining the Violence 146(5) The Impact on Family Life 151(13) The Sociology of the Chechen Family 151(4) Parents and War 155(3) The Children of War 158(2) The Loss of Family Members 160(2) ``Pure Islam'' 162(2) Religion and the Chechen Conflict 164(16) Propaganda against Religion 166(1) The Retreat of Islam 167(1) The ``New Muslims'' 168(4) The Advent of the Wahhabites 172(2) After the First Chechen War 174(2) A New Split in a Torn Society 176(4) The Myth and Reality of the ``Great Victory'' 180(16) The Difficulty of Getting Back to Normal 181(5) The Postwar Economy 186(3) Social Life 189(2) Group Rivalries and the Collapse of Governance 191(3) Shari'a Law for Chechnya? 194(2) An Ideology of Extremes 196(14) A New Chechen Anthropology 197(2) Official and Eternal Enemies 199(2) Liberating the Caucasus 201(2) Modeling State and Nation on Islam 203(4) Anti-Semitism and Witch Hunts 207(3) Chechnya as a Stage and a Role 210(14) The Truth and the Moral of the Conflict 211(5) ``Liberal Interventionism'' 216(3) Forging Chechens from Ethnographic References 219(5) Conclusion 224(9) Notes 233(6) Main Characters 239(8) Informants and Interviewers 247(4) Select Bibliography 251(18) Index 269