Chemistry and Physics of Coatings

Contributors xi Economics and the Environment: The Role of Coatings 1(7) A. Milne Introduction 1(2) Functions of Coatings 3(5) Present and Future Coatings Legislation and the Drive to Compliance 8(18) A. Warnon Atmospheric Pollution and the Coatings Industry 8(4) Legislative Reactions 12(6) Paint Industry Response and Strategy 18(3) The New EU Chemicals Strategy 21(3) Conclusion 24(1) Bibliography 24(2) The Rheology of Coatings 26(20) P. A. Reynolds Introduction 26(1) Rheology 27(7) Rheological Measurements 34(2) Rheological Processes Associated with Coatings 36(5) Low VOC Coatings -- Flow Problems and Solutions 41(2) Concluding Remarks 43(1) Bibliography 44(2) Film Formation 46(18) A.B. Port C. Cameron Introduction 46(2) Thermoplastic Coatings 48(1) Solutions of Crosslinking Polymers 49(10) Consequences of Vitrification 59(1) Solventless Crosslinking Systems 60(2) Disperse Phase Polymer Systems 62(1) Bibliography 63(1) Performance Properties of Coatings 64(32) A.B. Port C. Cameron Introduction 64(1) Mechanical Performance 65(18) Ageing Processes and the Retention of Properties 83(8) Chemical Exposure 91(3) Summary 94(1) Bibliography 95(1) Binders for Conventional Coatings 96(55) A.R. Marrion Binders as Polymers 96(7) Polymers as Binders 103(2) Thermoplastic Binders 105(6) Reactive Binders 111(5) Crosslinking Chemistry -- Binding the Binders 116(32) Polymer Blends 148(2) Concluding Remarks 150(1) Bibliography 150(1) Binders for High Solids and Solvent-free Coatings 151(50) A.R. Marrion W.A.E. Dunk Introduction 151(1) High-solids and Solvent-free liquids 152(3) Powder Coatings 155(41) Non-aqueous Dispersions 196(3) Concluding Remarks 199(1) Bibliography 200(1) Binders for Waterborne Coatings 201(36) W.A.E. Dunk Introduction 201(1) Colloidal and Non-colloidal Systems 201(2) Emulsion Polymerisation 203(8) Some Post-Harkins, Smith-Ewart Developments 211(3) Practical Aspects of Emulsion Polymerisation 214(3) Outlook for Latex-Based Coatings 217(2) Pseudo-latexes 219(1) Dispersion Polymerisation 220(2) Water Reducible Systems 222(2) Hydrosols 224(1) Micro-gel 225(2) Crosslinking of Water-borne Coatings 227(9) Bibliography 236(1) Inorganic and Hybrid Coatings 237(30) C. Cameron Introduction 237(2) Inorganic Polymers and their Use in Coatings Technology 239(16) Specific Examples of Inorganic Coatings by End-use 255(11) Summary 266(1) Bibliography 266(1) Coatings Components Beyond Binders 267(50) A. Guy Introduction 267(1) Pigments 267(24) Solvents 291(6) Additives 297(18) Bibliography 315(2) The Science and Art of Paint Formulation 317(30) A. Guy Introduction 317(1) Basic Paint Formulation 317(7) Formulation for Performance 324(9) Formulation for Application 333(2) Formulation for Compliance 335(7) Formulation for Economy 342(4) Conclusions 346(1) Bibliography 346(1) Application and Applications 347(13) A.R. Marrion Introduction 347(1) Substrates and their Preparation 348(2) The Application of Coatings 350(4) Markets for Coatings 354(5) Conclusion 359(1) Glossary 360(14) Subject Index 374