Closed Captioning - Subtitling, Stenography, and Digital Convergence of Text with Television

Acknowledgments vii Introduction: Invisible Speech-to-Text Systems 1(16) Part One. Turning Speech into Text in Three Different Contexts Subtitling Film for the Cinema Audience 17(36) Captioning Television for the Deaf Population 53(50) Stenographic Reporting for the Court System 103(52) Part Two. Convergence in the Speech-to-Text Industry Realtime Captioning for News, Education, and the Court 155(44) Public Interest, Market Failure, and Captioning Regulation 199(45) Privatized Geographies of Captioning and Court Reporting 244(31) Conclusion: The Value of Turning Speech into Text 275(26) List of Abbreviations 301(2) Notes 303(78) Index 381