Comparative Human Rights Law : Expression, Association, Religion

Table of Authorities xi Preface xix The Aim of This Book xix The Book's Structure xx Usage Conventions xxii Translations xxiii Acknowledgments xxv Chapter One Non-United States Legal Systems 3 A. Introduction 3 B. Japan 3 C. The European Human Rights System 7 1. The Council of Europe 7 2. The European Court of Human Rights 8 Editor's Comment: Compliance with the Court's Judgments 13 D. India 14 Chapter Two Freedom of Expression and Association 17 A. Japan 17 1. Taniguchi v. Japan 17 2. Judgment upon Case of Constitutionality of the Advance Injunctions Against Publication of a Magazine in Relation to the Freedom of Expression 19 3. Freedom of Association in Japan 25 B. The European Human Rights System 28 1. S rek v. Turkey 28 2. Bladet Troms and Stensaas v. Norway 37 3. Refah Partisi (the Welfare Party) and Others v. Turkey 46 C. India 70 1. Kedar Nath Singh v. State of Bihar 70 2. R. Rajagopal Alias R.R. Gopal and Another v. State of Tamil Nadu and Others 75 3. State of Madras v. V.G. Row et al. 83 D. The United States 88 1. Brandenburg v. Ohio 88 2. Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. 91 3. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama ex rel Patterson, Attorney General 104 Chapter Three The State and Religion 111 A. Japan 111 1. Judgment upon the Case Ruling that a Disposition to Retain in the Same Class for Another Year and a Disposition for Dismissal from School Handed Down to a Municipal Technical College Student Who Refused to Take Kendo Practice for Reasons of Religious Faith Are Illegal Beyond the Scope of Discretionary Authority 111 2. Judgment upon Constitutionality of the Prefecture's Expenditure from Public Funds to Religious Corporations which Held Ritual Ceremonies 115 B. The European Human Rights System 120 1. Cha'are Shalom Ve Tsedek v. France 120 2. Case of Leyla Sahin v. Turkey 134 C. India 150 1. Commissioner, Hindu Religious Endowments, Madras v. Sri Lakshmindra Thirtha Swamiar of Sri Shirur Mutt 150 2. Commissioner of Police and Others v. Acharya Jagdishwarananda Avadhuta and Another 165 3. Latifi and Another v. Union of India 177 D. The United States 186 1. Church of the Luknini Babalu Aye, Inc. and Ernesto Pichardo, Petitioners v. City of Hialeah 186 2. Santa Fe Independent School District v. Jane Doe, Individually and as Next Friend for Her Minor Children, Jane and John Doe, et al. 199 Appendix Relevant Provisions of Applicable Legal Instruments 211 A. Japan 211 1. Constitution 211 2. Statutes 212 a. Civil Code 212 b. Public Office Election Law 212 B. European Human Rights System 213 1. Treaties 213 a. European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, November 4, 1950 213 b. Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Protocol 1), March 20, 1952 214 C. India 215 1. Constitution 215 2. Statutes 218 a. Code of Criminal Procedure 218 b. Indian Criminal Law Amendments Act, 1908 220 c. Indian Criminal Law Amendment (Madras) Act, 1950 221 d. Penal Code 222 D. The United States 224 1. Constitution of the United States 224 Bibliography 227 Index 229