Convict Criminology

Foreword xiv Todd R. Clear Preface xvii John Irwin Acknowledgments xxiii Contributors xxiv Introduction: What is the New School of Convict Criminology? 1(1) Jeffrey Ian Ross Stephen C. Richards Theoretical and Historical Grounding 2(1) Theoretical Developments in Criminology 2(1) Victimology and Constitutive Criminology 2(1) The Failure of Prisons 3(1) Prisoners' Rights Movement 4(1) Inside Perspective 4(1) Centrality of Ethnography 5(1) Current Initiatives 5(1) Defining the New School of Convict Criminology 6(1) Collaborative Nature 7(1) Inclusion Criteria 7(1) Who Are the Convict Authors? 7(2) The Preeminence of John Irwin 9(1) Criminologists Commit Crime Too 10(1) Objectives of Convict Criminology 10(1) Issue-Based Nature of Convict Criminology 10(1) Questions Asked and Answered by This Book 11(1) Conclusion: Development and Support of Critical Criminological Perspectives 12(3) I WHAT'S WRONG WITH CORRECTIONS? 15(62) The Use of Science to Justify the Imprisonment Binge 17(20) James Austin The Role of Science in Advocating Criminal Justice Policy 19(1) Research-Based ``Think Tanks'' 20(1) Federal Control of Research Dollars 21(1) Criteria for Assessing Research 22(1) The Major Studies 23(10) The Numbers Do Not Add Up 33(1) Conclusion: Who's Afraid of the Bogeyman? 34(3) (Mis) Representing Prisons: The Role of Our Cultural Industries 37(22) Jeffrey Ian Ross The Importance of Mythmaking about Crime, Criminal Justice, and Corrections 38(4) Why Are Myths about Corrections Successful? 42(2) The Contribution of Cultural Industries 44(11) Conclusion 55(4) Why I Study Prisons: My Twenty-Year Personal and Professional Odyssey and an Understanding of Southern Prisons 59(18) Marianne Fisher-Giorlando Introduction: A White Female Yankee Ph.D. in Prison 59(1) Early Biographical History 60(1) College, Graduate School, and Divorce between 40 and 42 60(1) Teaching in Prison, the End or the Beginning? 61(1) Prisoners Teach the Teacher 62(1) A Gift from Prisoners: My Dissertation 63(2) Research in Prison 65(1) Women in the Louisiana State Penitentiary: The Road to the Angolite Office 66(1) Brief History of Southern Prisons 67(2) Angola and Two Days in the Angolite Office 69(2) Invitation to Corrections Professionals 71(1) Opportunities in Prison: Visitation and Support 72(1) Guest Lecturers 72(1) Community Service 73(1) Traditional Prison Volunteer Groups 73(1) Conclusion: An Invitation 74(3) II CONVICT EXPERIENCE AND IDENTITY 77(150) Comments and Reflections on Forty Years in the American Criminal Justice System 81(14) Edward Tromanhauser The Criminal Act in Perspective 82(1) American Criminologists 83(1) Theories about the Origins or Etiology of Criminal Behavior 83(1) Why Did I Become a Criminal? 84(1) Crime and the Law 85(1) Corrections in America 86(1) Does Sending More People to Prison Reduce Crime? 87(1) Criminologists and Public Policy 88(1) Prison as a Black Box 89(2) Why Do People Return to Prison? 91(1) A Typical Parole Story 91(1) Reentry Problems: Three Basic Needs 92(1) Conclusion: What I Have Learned 93(2) From C-Block to Academia: You Can't Get there From Here 95(25) Charles M. Terry Prison Social Worlds, Meanings, and Reference Groups 97(1) My Life before Prison 98(1) My Early Years in Prison 99(1) Early Years on Parole 100(1) Move to Oregon 101(1) The Oregon State Penitentiary: My Last Prison Sentence 101(1) Personal Transformation through College Education 102(3) My Last Parole 105(1) Narcotics Anonymous 106(1) Employment? Before School Ordeals 107(1) Starting Community College 108(1) A Convict Goes to University 109(1) Graduate School: ``Making It'' with a Little Help from My Friends 110(1) Attending Criminology and Criminal Justice Conferences 111(2) Assistant Professor 113(1) All in a Day's Work: From the Belly of the Ivory Tower to the Heart of the Inner City 114(1) Insidious Consequences of the Prison Experience: Cohorts as Evidence 115(2) Conclusion 117(3) My Journey Through the Federal Bureau of Prisons 120(30) Stephen C. Richards Prison Education 122(1) University Education 122(1) Introduction: Journey through the Federal Gulag 123(2) The Federal War on Drugs 125(1) Take Down: Catching a Federal Case 125(1) Conspiracy Convictions 126(1) Sting Operations 127(1) Exorbitant Bail Is Used to Force Cooperation 127(1) Informers 128(1) Standing Up to Federal Prosecution 129(1) Doing Federal Jail Time 130(3) Transport to and within the Federal Gulag 133(2) Federal Bureau of Prisons 135(1) Brief Description of Federal Prison Institutions 136(2) Prisoner Classification and Demographics 138(1) BOP Central Inmate Monitoring System 139(2) Federal Prisoner Typology 141(1) Heroes or Criminals? 142(2) Doing Time as a Prisoner of the U.S. Government 144(1) Federal Convict Perspective 145(2) A Few Stories of Prisoner Resistance 147(1) Conclusion: Enemies of the State 148(2) Rehabilitating Criminals: It Ain't that Easy 150(20) Greg Newbold ``Nothing Works'' 152(1) New Zealand: A Case Study in Liberalism 152(1) Doing Time at Paremoremo 153(2) The Modern Correctional System 155(1) Comparing New Zealand with the United States 156(1) The Effectiveness of New Zealand's Correctional Measures 157(2) Why Do Corrections Fail? 159(5) So Why Have Prison Programs? 164(3) Example of Humane Treatment 167(1) Conclusion 168(2) ``Who's Doing the Time Here, Me or My Children?'' Addressing the Issues Implicated by Mounting Numbers of Fathers in Prison 170(21) Charles S. Lanier Genesis 172(1) From Questions to Questionnaires 173(1) Importance and Scope 174(1) ``What'' Do We Know and ``When'' Did We Know It 175(6) New Directions, New Inspiration 181(1) Future Study 182(2) The Eastern Fathers' Group: Mugged by the System 184(2) The Easy Part 186(5) Excon: Managing a Spoiled Identity 191(18) Richard S. Jones Exconvict 192(1) The Making of an Inmate 193(2) From the Inside Looking Out 195(3) Problems of Reentry 198(1) My Experience with Reentry 198(1) Employment? 199(1) Graduate School 200(2) Assistant Professor 202(1) Associate Professor 203(1) Convict Criminology Authors in This Volume 203(5) Conclusion: The Moral of This Story 208(1) Convict Criminology: The Two-Legged Data Dilemma 209(18) Alan Mobley Northeast Ohio Corrections Center, Youngstown, Ohio 210(3) CCA Therapeutic Community 213(4) College Educated in Federal Prison 217(1) Back to CCA Youngstown 218(1) Criminology and ``The White Man's Burden'' 218(1) The Power to Name 219(1) Shifting Paradigms: Abstract Empiricism 220(1) Sound Bite Scholarship and the Court of Public Opinion 220(1) Doing Something about Crime 221(1) Privatization and the Paradox of Entrepreneurial Prisons 221(2) Conclusion 223(4) III SPECIAL POPULATIONS 227(120) Understanding Women in Prison 231(16) Barbara Owen Feminist Criminology 235(1) Women and Imprisonment in the 1990s 236(2) The Context of Women's Lives 238(1) The Contemporary Women's Prison: Problems and Unmet Needs 239(2) Studying Women's Prison Culture 241(4) Conclusion 245(2) Aspirin Ain't Gonna Help the Kind of Pain I'm in: Health Care in the Federal Bureau of Prisons 247(20) Daniel S. Murphy Methodology 248(1) The Right to Timely and Adequate Medical Care 248(2) U.S. DOJ Policy Statements: Medical Care in the FBOP 250(1) Symbolic Medical Care 251(2) Reality of Medical Care at Federal Medical Centers: Voices from Within 253(1) Politically Rationed Health Care in the FBOP 254(3) Guerilla Health Care Techniques: Self-Survival 257(2) The (Un)Compassionate Release Process 259(1) Prison Population Explosion: Strains on the FBOP Health Care Delivery System 260(4) Conclusion and Recommendations 264(3) Convict Criminology and the Mentally Ill Offender: Prisoners of Confinement 267(20) Bruce A. Arrigo Constitutive Criminological Theory: An Overview 269(5) Three Case Studies on Confinement: An Ethnography 274(6) Constitutive Theory, the Mentally Ill Offender, and Convict Criminology: An Application 280(4) Implications, Future Research, and Conclusions 284(3) Soar Like an Eagle, Dive Like a Loon: Human Diversity and Social Justice in the Native American Prison Experience 287(22) William G. Archambeault Human Diversity among America's Indigenous Peoples 289(1) Ethnic Legal Labels and Their Effects 290(3) Criminological Research on Native Americans 293(2) Native American Prison Experiences 295(4) Native American Prisoner Role Schema 299(4) Conclusion 303(6) Twenty Years Teaching College in Prison 309(16) William S. Tregea Many Prisoners Are Ready for College 310(2) Prison College Is a Program That Works 312(1) A Teacher's Reflections on a Prison Career 313(4) Adjunct Teaching Conditions in Prison College Programs 317(1) Winning Battles, but Losing the War: Prison College Undercut by ``Big Politics'' 318(1) Convict Perspectives on Issues in Prison Higher Education 319(1) Prisoner Graduation Ceremonies Reflect Crises 319(2) Quality Prison College Includes Mechanisms Proven to Lower Recidivism 321(1) Toward Funding Quality Prison Postsecondary Programs 321(2) Conclusion 323(2) Kids in Jail: ``I Mean You Ain't Really Learning Nothin [Productive]'' 325(22) Preston Elrod Michael T. Brooks The Research Methodology 327(1) The Research Setting 328(1) An Examination of the Social World of Adolescent Prisoners 329(1) The Control of Prisoners 330(2) Chickenshit Rules 332(1) Prisoner Resistance 333(1) Inconsistency in Prisoner Management 334(1) Conflict within the Jail 335(3) Disoriented and Disconnected 338(3) Rehabilitation and Debilitation 341(2) Conclusion 343(4) CONCLUSION: AN INVITATION TO THE CRIMINOLOGY/CRIMINAL JUSTICE COMMUNITY 347(7) Stephen C. Richards Jeffrey Ian Ross Authors in this Book 347(1) Paying Our Respects to the Convict Authors Still in Prison 348(1) Reforming Criminology and Criminal Justice 349(1) An Invitation to Join Us: Changing Corrections 350(4) References 354(31) Index 385