Critical Thinking About Research : Psychology and Related Fields

PREFACE ix(2) INTRODUCTION xi I PRINCIPLES 3(158) Chapter 1. Critical Reading 3(10) Chapter 2. Research Questions and Hypotheses 13(18) Chapter 3. Research Strategies and Variables 31(18) Chapter 4. The Sample 49(16) Chapter 5. Confounding Variables and Their Control 65(18) Chapter 6. Research Designs and Threats to Internal Validity 83(18) Chapter 7. Criteria and Criteria Measures 101(26) Chapter 8. Data Analysis, Discussion, and Conclusions 127(20) Chapter 9. Research Ethics 147(8) References 155(6) II PRACTICE ARTICLES 161(114) Prologue 161(8) Article 1. Use of Counselor Street Talk to Stimulate Self-Disclosure of Inner-City Youths 169(8) Consuela Eusis-Lang Anita Reveles Article 2. Treatment of Flying Phobia: Comparative Efficacy of Two Behavioral Methods 177(8) Marcel Beauchamp Muriel D. Greenfield Luca Campobello Article 3. The Effect of Divorce on Sons' Aggression 185(6) Bernard D. Partes Junior Fites Article 4. Dyslexia in Fifth-Grade Girls: Personality and Perceptual Factors 191(8) Jane Kent-Reid John E. Duzzent Article 5. Time Estimation: Effect of Depression and Pleasantness or Unpleasantness of an Experience 199(8) Jean Malheure Anthony R. Bontiempo Article 6. Bossiness in Firstborn Girls 207(6) Beverly Capofiglia Article 7. Effect of Context Upon Accuracy of Recall of Affective Experiences 213(6) Rhea Kahl I. K. Ferguson Article 8. The Effects of Medication and Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Insomnia 219(8) Eleuthra Gaye-Schloffen Sam Nussbaum Article 9. Midlife Crises of Men at Age 50 227(6) Richard Mennatt Morris Tuskor Jonathan Anten Article 10. Effect of Job Stress and Stress Management on Low Back Pain 233(6) Jeb Strauss Laura Bakke Article 11. Evaluation of Health Maintenance Organizations 239(6) Harlan M. Oberlin Pauline P. Olmstead Article 12. Effects of Jury Selection Consultation on Trial Outcome 245(6) Matthew Vawwar Jacob P. Deere Article 13. Contingency Reinforcement in the Treatment of Talking Aloud to Self 251(6) Earl Singleton Janet Kase Paul Enoff Enrico Juan Article 14. The Effect of Race of Examiner on IQ Scores of Native Americans 257(6) Frederick B. Whyte Cheryl Key Article 15. Social Effects of Tax Deadline 263(6) Sam Levy John Q. Hertz Article 16. Comparative Effectiveness of Teacher Management Styles in a Fifth Grade Classroom 269(6) Madeleine Furman Eva Marie Loos EPILOGUE 275(4) GLOSSARY 279(10) INDEX 289(10) ABOUT THE AUTHOR 299