Darwin

Acknowledgements x Chronology xi A Note on Texts xiii Introduction 'A Philosophical Naturalist' 1 1. Dial 'M' for 'Metaphysics' 1 2. Darwin and Darwinism 4 3. Darwin Unfolding 7 Further Reading 7 One Life 9 1. Pedigree 9 2. From Sport to Science 12 3. The Beagle Voyage 18 4. London, Marriage and the Notebooks 24 5. Down... 29 6. ...And Out 34 Further Reading 38 Two Selection 39 1. Evolution and Natural Selection 39 2. The Argument for Natural Selection 41 3. Darwin and Lamarck 43 4. 'Darwin's Dangerous Idea' 45 5. Natural Selection and Variation 47 6. Selection and Creativity 50 7. Selection and Population 55 8. Natural Selection Then and Now 58 Further Reading 63 Three Species 65 1. Human Nature, Squid Nature, Apple Nature 65 2. The Tree of Life 66 3. Butchering Nature 70 4. Individuals and Kinds 75 5. Population Thinking and Typological Thinking 83 6. Species Natures 90 Further Reading 93 Four Evidence 95 1. Science and God 95 2. Inference to the Best Explanation 97 3. Herschel and Whewell 101 4. Herschel and the Origin 104 5. Darwin, Whewell and Gemmules 107 6. Natural Selection and Common Ancestry 110 7. The Natural Selection/Intelligent Design Debate 112 8. Evolution with Intelligent Design 120 9. Darwin and Religion 124 Further Reading 126 Five Mind 128 1. Squandered Riches? 128 2. The Three Principles of Emotional Expression 129 3. Common Ancestry 136 4. The Universality of Emotional Expression 138 5. Culture and the Evolutionary Approach 141 6. The Santa Barbara School 146 7. A Single Human Nature? 147 8. The Adaptive Heuristic 151 9. Darwin and Santa Barbara 154 Further Reading 157 Six Ethics 159 1. Ethics from the Side of Natural History 159 2. The Origins of the Moral Sense 162 3. Darwin's Normative Ethics 167 4. Evolutionary Normative Ethics 171 5. Evolutionary Meta-Ethics 176 6. Group Selection 180 7. Has Evolution made us Selfish? 184 Further Reading 187 Seven Knowledge 189 1. What is Knowledge? 189 2. Empiricism 191 3. Innate Knowledge 192 4. Evolutionary Epistemology: James and Popper 198 5. Memes 202 6. Cultural Evolution without Memes 208 Further Reading 213 Eight Politics 214 1. Darwin and the Right 214 2. Degenerating Society 215 3. Social Darwinism 218 4. Politics and Human Nature 221 5. Darwin and the Equality of the Sexes 223 6. Sex Differences Today 226 7. Darwin and the Left 232 Further Reading 241 Nine Philosophy 243 1. Man's Place in Nature 243 2. Hubris 245 3. Contingency 246 4. Progress 249 5. Darwinian Naturalism 258 Further Reading 262 Glossary 264 References 272 Index 282