Deviant Behavior : A Text Reader in the Sociology of Deviance

Preface xiii General Introduction 1 PART I Creating Deviance 11 Section 1 Conceptions, Entrepreneurs, and Power 12 1 Conceptions of Deviant Behavior: The Old and the New 14 Jack P. Gibbs 2 Using an Integrated Typology of Deviance to Analyze Ten Common Norms of the U.S. Middle Class 20 Alex Heckert, Druann Maria Heckert 3 Moral Entrepreneurs: The Creation and Enforcement of Deviant Categories 43 Howard S. Becker Section 2 The Production of Deviant Categories and Actors 51 4 Blowing Smoke: Status Politics and the Shasta County Smoking Ban 53 Justin L. Tuggle, Malcolm D. Holmes 5 The Production of Deviance in Capitalist Society 67 Steven Spitzer 6 The Discovery of Hyperkinesis: Notes on the Medicalization of Deviant Behavior 75 Peter Conrad PART II Understanding Deviance: Theories and Perspectives 87 Section 1 The Functionalist Perspective 88 7 The Normal and the Pathological 90 Emile Durkheim 8 On the Sociology of Deviance 95 Kai T. Erikson Section 2 The Conflict Perspective 103 9 The Conflict of Conduct Norms 105 Thorsten Sellin 10 Differential Punishing of African Americans and Whites Who Possess Drugs: A Just Policy or a Continuation of the Past? 110 Rudolph Alexander, Jr., Jacquelyn Gyamerah Section 3 Cultural Transmission/Social Learning Theory 121 11 Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency 122 Gresham M. Sykes, David Matza 12 The Influence of Situational Ethics on Cheating Among College Students 128 Donald L. McCabe Section 4 Opportunity Theory 137 13 Social Structure and Anomie 139 Robert K. Merton 14 Homeboys, Dope Fiends, Legits, and New Jacks 150 John M. Hagedorn Section 5 Control Theory 170 15 A Control Theory of Delinquency 172 Travis Hirschi 16 Heavy Episodic Drinking Among Adolescents: A Test Hypothesis Derived from Control Theory 181 Barbara J. Costello, Bradley J. Anderson, Michael D. Stein Section 6 The Interactionist, Societal Reactions, or Labeling Perspective 196 17 Career Deviance 198 Howard S. Becker 18 Definition and the Dramatization of Evil 201 Frank Tannenbaum Section 7 An Integrated Approach 207 19 Commitment, Deviance, and Social Control 209 Jeffery T. Ulmer 20 Juvenile Deliquency Under Conditions of Rapid Social Change 234 Klaus Bochnke, Dagmar Bergs-Winkels PART III Becoming Deviant 255 Section 1 Private Domains, Information Control, and Accommodation 255 21 Information Control and Personal Identity: The Discredited and the Discreditable 259 Erving Goffman 22 Conceptualizing Stigma 264 Bruce G. Link, Jo C. Phelan 23 The Consequences of Antisocial Behavior in Older Male Siblings for Younger Brothers and Sisters 288 Jim Snyder, Lew Bank, Bert Burraston 24 Examining the Informal Sanctioning of Deviance in a Chat Room Culture 309 Rhonda D. Evans PART IV The Production of Institutional Careers and Identities 323 Section 1 Organizational Structures, Ideologies, Social-Control Agents, and Recruitment: The Institutional Backdrop 323 25 Bureaucratic Slots and Client Processing 327 Delos H. Kelly 26 The Corporate Context of Private Prisons 341 David Shichor 27 The Enforcement of Norms: Group Cohesion and Meta-Norms 367 Christine Horne Section 2 Social-Control Agents and the Application of Diagnostic Stereotypes: The Beginning Destruction of Public Identity 386 28 The Epistemological Challenge of the Early Attack on "Rate Construction" 388 Troy Duster 29 The Organizational Career of Gang Statistics: The Politics of Policing Gangs 392 Albert J. Meehan 30 Trial by Fire: Media Constructions of Corporate Deviance 430 Gray Cavender, Aogan Mulcahy Section 3 Social-Control Agents, Sanctioning, and the Production of Institutional Careers and Identities 448 31 Criminalizing Women's Behavior 450 Nora S. Gustaysson, Ann E. MacEachron 32 Medicalizing Homelessness: The Production of Self-Blame and Self-Governing within Homeless Shelters 466 Vincent Lyon-Callo Section 4 Managing Institutional Careers and Identities 485 33 The Moral Career of the Mental Patient 487 Erving Goffman 24 Suspended Identity: Identity Transformation in a Maximum Security Prison 505 Thomas J. Schmid, Richard S. Jones PART V Building Deviant Careers and Identities 521 Section 1 Organizational Structures, Ideologies, and Recruitment: The Noninstitutional Backdrop 522 35 The Social Organization of Deviants 524 Joel Best, David F. Luckenbill 36 Managing the Action: Sports Bookmakers as Entrepreneurs 542 Phyllis Coontz Section 2 Entering and Learning Deviant Cultures and Practices: The Building of Deviant Careers and Identities 564 37 Drifting into Dealing: Becoming a Cocaine Seller 566 Sheigla Murphy, Dan Waldorf, Craig Reinarman 38 Self-Control, Peer Relations, and Delinquency 588 Constance L. Chappla Section 3 Deviant Careers and Identities: Some Additional Forms and Shapes Peers, Gangs, and Organizations 605 39 Differential Association, Multiple Normative Standards, and the Increasing Incidence of Corporate Deviance in an Era of Globalization 607 Verghese Chirayatn, Kenneth Eslinger, Ernest De Zolt 40 Corporations, Organized Crime, and the Disposal of Hazardous Waste: An Examination of the Making of a Criminogenic Regulatory Structure 621 Andrew Szasz Section 4 Managing Deviant Careers and Identities 638 41 Is the Street Child Phenomenon Synonymous with Deviant Behavior? 639 Johann le Roux, Cheryl Sylvia Smith 42 Being Middle Eastern American: Identity Negotiation in the Context of the War on Terror 648 Amir Marvasti PART VI Changing Deviance 673 Section 1 Transforming Deviance: Conceptions, Actors, and Organizations 674 43 Reform the Law: Decriminalization 678 Samuel Walker 44 The Professional Ex-: An Alternative for Exiting the Deviant Career 689 J. David Brown 45 Race and Policing 702 Jim Leitzel Acknowledgments 711 Index 715