Shadwick, Robert E.; Lauder, George V.

Fish Biomechanics

CONTRIBUTORS ix PREFACE xi 1. Mechanics of Respiratory Pumps Elizabeth L. Brainerd and Lara A. Ferry-Graham I. Introduction 1(1) II. Aquatic Respiratory Pumps 2(12) III. Aerial Respiratory Pumps 14(10) IV. Future Directions 24(1) References 25(4) 2. Skull Biomechanics and Suction Feeding in Fishes Mark W. Westneat I. Introduction 29(2) II. Skull Morphology and Mechanisms 31(5) III. Biomechanical Models of Skull Function 36(6) IV. Suction Feeding for Prey Capture 42(17) V. Ecomorphology of Fish Feeding 59(4) VI. Phylogenetic Patterns of Feeding in Fishes 63(5) VII. Summary and Conclusions 68(1) References 68(9) 3. Functional Morphology of the Pharyngeal Jaw Apparatus Peter C. Wainwright I. Introduction 77(2) II. The Pharyngeal Jaw Apparatus of Perciform Fishes 79(11) III. Innovation in the Pharyngeal Jaw Apparatus 90(8) IV. Summary 98(1) References 99(4) 4. The Hydrodynamics and Structural Mechanics of the Lateral Line System Sheryl Coombs and Sietse van Netten I. Introduction 103(4) II. General Function, Structure, and Organization 107(4) III. Hair Cell Micromechanics 111(5) IV. Lateral Line Mechanics and Hydrodynamics 116(16) V. Concluding Remarks 132(2) References 134(7) 5. Skin and Bones, Sinew and Gristle: The Mechanical Behavior of Fish Skeletal Tissues Adam P. Summers and John H. Long, Jr. I. Introduction 141(3) II. A Primer on Mechanical Behavior 144(8) III. Bone 152(3) IV. Cartilage 155(5) V. Tendon 160(2) VI. Skin 162(5) VII. Whole Body Mechanics 167(4) VIII. Conclusions 171(1) References 172(7) 6. Functional Properties of Skeletal Muscle Douglas A. Syme I. Introduction 179(2) II. Ultrastructure 181(1) III. Fiber Types 182(5) IV. Patterns of Innervation 187(2) V. Mechanics of Contraction 189(19) VI. Scaling 208(3) VII. Axial Variation 211(7) VIII. Effects of Temperature 218(10) IX. Summary 228(3) X. Future Directions 231(1) References 232(9) 7. Structure, Kinematics, and Muscle Dynamics in Undulatory Swimming Robert E. Shadwick and Sven Gemballa I. Introduction 241(2) II. Myomere Structure and Force Transmission Pathways 243(9) III. Steady Swimming Kinematics 252(6) IV. Muscle Dynamics Along the Body in Steady Swimming 258(10) V. Specializations in Thunniform Swimmers 268(5) VI. Summary and Future Directions 273(1) References 274(7) 8. Stability and Maneuverability Paul W. Webb I. Introduction 281(1) II. General principles 282(21) III. Stability 303(9) IV. Maneuvering 312(7) V. Future Directions 319(2) References 321(12) 9. Fast-Start Mechanics James M. Wakeling I. Introduction 333(2) II. Initiation of the Fast Start 335(3) III. Muscular Contraction Acts to Bend the Fish 338(4) IV. Stage 1 Body Bending Occurs with a Traveling Wave of Curvature 342(4) V. Muscle Power Production and Force Transmission to the Water 346(4) VI. Hydrodynamic Forces Accelerate the Body 350(7) VII. Variations in Fast-Start Performance 357(4) VIII. Conclusions 361(1) IX. Future Directions 362(1) References 363(6) 10. Mechanics of Pectoral Fin Swimming in Fishes Eliot G. Drucker, Jeffrey A. Walker, and Mark W. Westneat I. Introduction 369(1) II. Pectoral Fin Morphology 370(5) III. Motor Patterns of Pectoral Fin Locomotion 375(4) IV. Pectoral Fin Kinematics 379(13) V. Fluid Dynamics 392(14) VI. Pectoral Fin Swimming Performance 406(6) VII. Ecomorphology of Pectoral Fin Propulsion 412(4) VIII. Summary and Areas for Future Research 416(1) References 417(8) 11. Hydrodynamics of Undulatory Propulsion George V. Lauder and Eric D. Tytell I. Introduction 425(1) II. Classical Modes of Undulatory Propulsion 426(4) III. Theory of Undulatory Propulsion 430(8) IV. Experimental Hydrodynamics of Undulatory Propulsion 438(22) V. Integrating Theory and Experimental Data 460(1) VI. Prospectus 461(1) References 462(7) 12. Biomechanics and Fisheries Conservation Theodore Castro-Santos and Alex Haro I. Introduction 469(2) II. Riverine Migrations 471(21) III. Towed Fishing Gear 492(2) IV. Intraspecific Diversity 494(4) V. Bioenergetics Modeling 498(6) VI. Conclusions and Recommendations 504(3) References 507(18) INDEX 525(16) OTHER VOLUMES IN THE SERIES 541