Fortran 95/2003 for Scientists and Engineers

Preface xxi Introduction to Computers and the Fortran Language 1(21) The Computer 2(2) The CPU Main and Secondary Memory Input and Output Devices Data Representation in a Computer 4(8) The Binary Number System Octal and Hexadecimal Representations of Binary Numbers Types of Data Stored in Memory Computer Languages 12(1) The History of the Fortran Language 13(3) The Evolution of Fortran 16(3) Summary 19(3) Exercises Basic Elements of Fortran 22(60) Introduction 22(1) The Fortran Character Set 23(1) The Structure of a Fortran Statement 23(1) The Structure of a Fortran Program 24(4) The Declaration Section The Execution Section The Termination Section Program Style Compiling, Linking, and Executing the Fortran Program Constants and Variables 28(8) Integer Constants and Variables Real Constants and Variables Character Constants and Variables Default and Explicit Variable Typing Keeping Constants Consistent in a Program Assignment Statements and Arithmetic Calculations 36(11) Integer Arithmetic Real Arithmetic Hierarchy of Operations Mixed-Mode Arithmetic Mixed-Mode Arithmetic and Exponentiation Intrinsic Functions 47(2) List-Directed Input and Output Statements 49(6) Initialization of Variables 55(2) The Implicit None Statement 57(1) Program Examples 58(8) Debugging Fortran Programs 66(2) Summary 68(14)