Four Sociological Traditions

PROLOGUE: THE RISE OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES 3(44) Social Thought in the Agrarian Empires 4(4) Medieval Universities Create the Modern Intellectual 8(10) The Renaissance: Intellectual Life Goes Secular 11(2) Religious Wars and the Enlightenment 13(5) Economics: the First Social Science 18(2) The Rise of Public Schools and the University Revolution 20(5) The Development of the Disciplines 25(13) History Becomes Professionalized 25(1) Economists Become Academics 26(4) Psychology Becomes Independent 30(3) Anthropology Gets Its Niche 33(5) And Finally Sociology 38(9) 1. THE CONFLICT TRADITION 47(74) The Pivotal Position of Karl Marx 49(7) Friedrich Engels, the Sociologist in the Shadows 56(25) The Theory of Social Classes 62(3) The Theory of Ideology 65(5) The Theory of Political Conflict 70(6) The Theory of Revolutions 76(2) The Theory of Sex Stratification 78(3) Max Weber and the Multidimensional Theory of Stratification 81(11) The Twentieth Century Intermingles Marxian and Weberian Ideas 92(20) Organizations as Power Struggles 94(8) Classes, Class Cultures, and Inequality: The Conflict Theorists 102(3) Class Mobilization and Political Conflict 105(3) The Golden Age of Historical Sociology 108(4) Appendix: Simmel, Coser, and Functionalist Conflict Theory 112(6) Notes 118(3) 2. THE RATIONAL/UTILITARIAN TRADITION 121(60) The Original Rise and Fall of Utilitarian Philosophy 125(8) Bringing the Individual Back In 133(6) Sociology Discovers Sexual and Marriage Markets 139(14) Three Applications of Sociological Markets: Educational Inflation, Split Labor Markets, Illegal Goods 144(9) The Paradoxes and Limits of Rationality 153(10) Proposed Rational Solutions for Creating Social Solidarity 159(4) Economics Invades Sociology, and Vice Versa 163(6) The Rational Theory of the State 169(4) The New Utilitarian Policy Science 173(6) Notes 179(2) 3. THE DURKHEIMIAN TRADITION 181(61) Sociology as the Science of Social Order 183(10) Durkheim's Law of Social Gravity 186(7) Two Wings: The Macro Tradition 193(10) Montesquieu, Comte, and Spencer on Social Morphology 194(4) Merton, Parsons and Functionalism 198(5) The Second Wing: The Lineage of Social Anthropology 203(21) Fustel de Coulanges and Ritual Class War 205(6) Durkheim's Theory of Morality and Symbolism 211(3) The Ritual Basis of Stratification: W. Lloyd Warner 214(4) Erving Goffman and the Everyday Cult of the Individual 218(1) Interaction Rituals and Class Cultures: Collins, Bernstein, and Douglas 219(5) Ritual Exchange Networks: The Micro/Macro Linkage 224(10) Marcel Mauss and the Magic of Social Exchange 225(5) Lévi-Strauss and Alliance Theory 230(2) A Theory of Interaction Ritual Chains 232(2) The Future of the Durkheimian Tradition 234(2) Notes 236(6) 4. THE MICROINTERACTIONIST TRADITION 242(49) A Native American Sociology 242(5) Philosophy Becomes a Battleground between Religion and Science 245(2) The Pragmatism of Charles Sanders Peirce 247(6) Society Is in The Mind: Cooley 253(3) George Herbert Mead's Sociology of Thinking 256(4) Blumer Creates Symbolic Interactionism 260(6) The Sociology of Consciousness: Husserl, Schutz, and Garfinkel 266(11) The Sociology of Language and Cognition 276(1) Erving Goffman's Counterattack 277(7) A Summing Up 284(5) Notes 289(2) EPILOGUE 291(6) BIBLIOGRAPHY 297(14) INDEX 311