Glencoe Street Law : A Course in Practical Law

Preface iii About Street Law, Inc. xviii Street Law Supporters xix Unit 1 Introduction to Law and the Legal System 2(70) What Is Law? 4(15) Law and Values 5(3) Human Rights 8(4) Balancing Rights with Responsibilities 12(1) Kinds of Laws 13(2) Our Constitutional Framework 15(4) Lawmaking 19(10) Legislatures 19(5) Agencies 24(2) Courts 26(1) International Lawmaking 26(3) Advocacy 29(11) The Art of Advocacy 29(2) Lobbying 31(3) Voting 34(4) Campaign Finance Reform 38(2) Settling Disputes 40(6) Methods for Solving Disputes 41(5) The Court System 46(17) Trial Courts 46(5) Appeals Courts 51(1) Federal and State Court Systems 52(4) Tribal Courts 56(1) The Supreme Court of the United States 57(5) International Courts 62(1) Lawyers 63(9) When Do You Need a Lawyer? 64(1) How Do You Find a Lawyer? 65(4) Working with Your Lawyer 69(3) Unit 2 Criminal Law and Juvenile Justice 72(138) Crime in America 74(26) The Nature of Crimes 74(8) Gangs and Crime 82(3) Guns and the Law 85(3) Substance Abuse and Crime 88(7) Victims of Crime 95(2) Preventing and Reporting Crime 97(3) Introduction to Criminal Law 100(7) General Considerations 101(1) State and Federal Crimes 102(1) Classes of Crimes 102(1) Parties to Crimes 102(1) Crimes of Omission 103(1) Preliminary Crimes 104(3) Crimes Against the Person 107(8) Homicide 107(3) Suicide 110(1) Assault and Battery 111(1) Rape 112(3) Crimes Against Property 115(11) Arson 116(1) Vandalism 116(1) Larceny 116(3) Embezzlement 119(1) Robbery 119(1) Extortion 119(1) Burglary 119(2) Forgery 121(1) Receiving Stolen Property 121(1) Unauthorized Use of a Vehicle 121(1) Computer Crime 122(4) Defenses 126(7) No Crime Has Been Committed 126(1) Defendant Did Not Commit the Crime 127(1) Defendant Committed a Criminal Act, but the Act Was Excusable or Justifiable 127(1) Defendant Committed a Criminal Act, but Is Not Criminally Responsible for His or Her Actions 128(5) Criminal Justice Process: The Investigation 133(22) Arrest 134(6) Search and Seizure 140(12) Interrogations and Confessions 152(3) Criminal Justice Process: Proceedings Before Trial 155(11) Booking and Initial Appearance 155(2) Bail and Pretrial Release 157(1) Information 158(2) Preliminary Hearing 160(1) Grand Jury 160(1) Felony Arraignment and Pleas 161(1) Pretrial Motions: The Exclusionary Rule 161(2) Plea Bargaining 163(3) Criminal Justice Process: The Trial 166(7) Right to Trial by Jury 166(2) Right to a Speedy and Public Trial 168(1) Right to Compulsory Process and to Confront Witnesses 169(1) Freedom From Self-Incrimination 169(1) Right to an Attorney 170(1) Criminal Appeals 171(2) Criminal Justice Process: Sentencing and Corrections 173(14) Sentencing Options 174(2) Purposes of Punishment 176(1) Parole 177(1) Capital Punishment 178(5) Corrections 183(4) Juvenile Justice 187(17) History and Overview of Juvenile Courts 187(2) Who Is a Juvenile? 189(2) Status Offenses 191(1) Juvenile Justice Today 192(12) Law and Terrorism 204(6) The Law in Times of War 205(1) Surveillance and Searches 206(1) Detention and Interrogation 207(2) Rights at Trial 209(1) Unit 3 Torts 210(64) Torts: A Civil Wrong 212(18) The Idea of Liability 213(3) The Idea of Torts: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow 216(1) Types of Torts 217(2) Taking Your Case to Court 219(4) Insurance 223(7) Intentional Torts 230(20) Types of Damages 231(1) Torts That Injure Persons 232(6) Torts That Harm Property 238(9) Defenses to Intentional Torts 247(3) Negligence 250(11) Elements of Negligence 251(1) Duty and Breach 251(4) Causation 255(1) Damages 256(1) Defenses to Negligence Suits 257(4) Strict Liability 261(7) Dangerous Activities 262(1) Animals 263(1) Defective Products 264(3) Defenses to Strict Liability 267(1) Torts and Public Policy 268(6) Tort Reform 269(1) The Cost of Safety 270(4) Unit 4 Consumer and Housing Law 274(94) Contracts 276(5) Elements of a Contract 276(2) Minors and Contracts 278(1) Written and Oral Contracts 278(1) Illegal Contracts 279(2) Warranties 281(6) Express Warranties 281(2) Implied Warranties 283(2) Disclaimers 285(2) Credit and Other Financial Services 287(21) The Basics About Bank Accounts 288(4) An Introduction to Credit 292(3) Paying for College 295(4) The Cost of Credit 299(3) What Lenders Want to Know Before Extending Credit 302(1) What to Do If You Are Denied Credit 303(1) Default and Collection Practices 304(4) Deceptive Sales Practices 308(13) Door-to-Door and Telephone Sales 308(3) Referral Sales 311(1) Advertising and the Consumer 311(4) Bait and Switch 315(1) Mail-Order Sales 316(2) Internet Commerce 318(1) Repairs and Estimates 319(2) Becoming a Smart Consumer 321(22) Influences on Consumers 321(3) Consumer Protection 324(3) Protecting Your Rights as a Consumer 327(10) Direct Action by Consumers 337(1) Taking Your Case to Court 337(6) Cars and the Consumer 343(6) Buying a Car 343(6) Housing and the Consumer 349(19) Leases: A Special Kind of Contract 350(2) Landlord-Tenant Negotiations 352(14) Homelessness: Is There a Right to Housing? 366(2) Unit 5 Family Law 368(70) Law and the American Family 370(6) Law From Birth to Death 370(2) What Is a Family? 372(4) Marriage 376(18) Getting Married 376(2) Legal Aspects of Marriage 378(2) Common-Law Marriage 380(2) Financial Responsibilities 382(1) Property Ownership 383(1) Decisions in a Marriage 384(2) Spouse Abuse 386(5) Legal Issues for Single People in Nontraditional Relationships 391(3) Parents and Children 394(13) Responsibilities Between Parents and Children 394(9) Child Abuse and Neglect 403(4) Foster Care and Adoption 407(7) Foster Care 407(1) Adoption 408(6) Separation, Divorce, and Custody 414(12) Marriage Problems 414(1) Separation and Divorce 415(4) Child Custody 419(3) Alimony, Property Division, and Child Support 422(3) Stepparents 425(1) Government Support for Families and Individuals 426(12) Economic Benefits for Individuals and Families 427(5) Health Benefits 432(2) Educational Benefits 434(4) Unit 6 Individual Rights and Liberties 438(131) Introduction to Constitutional Law 440(5) Amendments to the Constitution 441(1) Basic Constitutional Law Principles 442(3) Freedom of Speech 445(20) The Importance of Freedom of Speech 446(2) Obscenity 448(2) Defamation 450(1) Commercial Speech 450(3) Fighting Words, Offensive Speakers, and Hostile Audiences 453(5) Time, Place, and Manner Restrictions 458(4) Symbolic Speech 462(1) Vagueness and Overinclusive Laws 462(3) Freedom of the Press 465(7) Prohibiting Publication 467(2) Denying the Press Access to Information 469(2) Requiring the Press to Disclose Information 471(1) Expression in Special Places 472(5) The First Amendment in Public Schools 473(3) The First Amendment in Prisons and the Military 476(1) Freedom of Religion 477(7) The Establishment Clause 478(2) The Free Exercise Clause 480(4) Due Process 484(6) Substantive Due Process 485(2) Procedural Due Process 487(3) The Right to Privacy 490(9) Development of the Right to Privacy 490(2) Privacy in the Home and at School 492(2) Information Gathering and Privacy 494(2) Reproductive Rights and Privacy 496(3) Discrimination 499(43) What Is Discrimination? 501(3) Discrimination Based on Race 504(12) Discrimination Based on National Origin and Citizenship Status 516(2) Discrimination Based on Gender 518(8) Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation 526(4) Discrimination Based on Age 530(1) Discrimination Based on Disability 531(5) Housing Discrimination 536(5) State and Local Laws Against Discrimination 541(1) Rights and Responsibilities in the Workplace 542(27) Looking for a Job 542(5) Conditions on the Job 547(13) Losing a Job 560(9) Appendix 569(1) The Constitution of the United States 570(30) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 600(8) Major Federal Civil Rights Laws 608(4) Charts of State Laws 612(17) Glossary 629(25) Index 654(30) Photo Credits 684