Global Technological Change : From Hard Technology To Soft Technology

Preface to the English Edition 3(2) Theodore Gordon Acknowledgements 5(2) Detailed Table of Contents 7(6) Introduction 13(2) The Evolution of Technology 15(36) Technology as Traditionally Understood A Fresh Understanding of Technology-New Paradigm of Technology Many Hard Technologies are Softening The Process of Transferring Hard Technologies: Commercialization and Industrialization are Process Technologies Various Commercial Technologies are the Direct Driving Forces of Hard Technology Innovation Social Technology Cultural Technology Chinese Medicine: Another Type of Soft Technology Technology Focused on the Human Mind The Need to Renew the Notion of Technology A New Understanding of Knowledge The Changing of Values and the Softening of the Economy Social Progress Requires the Integration of Technology and Art Historical Antecedents of Soft Technology 51(62) The History of Commercial Technology: A Brief Analysis Currency Technology Accounting Technology Patent Technology Logistic Technology Advertisement Technology Insurance System Public Relations Technology Modern Management Technology Stock and Securities Technology Merger and Purchasing Technology Risk Investments Physical Distribution Technology Virtual Technology Incubator Technology A Brief Summary A Retrospective of Social Technology Development in the Twentieth Century Research About Relevant Social Problems in Industrial Countries Soft Science in Japan Soft Series of Science and Technology in Japan Soft science, Soft Series of Science and Technology, and Soft Technology What is Social Technology? The Characteristics and Classifications of Soft Technology 113(26) What is Soft Technology? The Characteristics of Soft Technology Soft Technology Trends Soft technology is Transforming Hard Technology Soft Technologies are Creating New Industries The Rapid Rise of New Soft Technological Fields The Further Integration of Soft Technology and Hard Technology Intellectual Property, Copyright and Soft Technology The Classifications of Soft Technology Sources of Knowledge Fields of Application Functions of Soft Technology Objects of Service Management Levels Soft Technology and Innovation 139(50) Soft Technology and Technological Innovation The Essence of Innovation is Soft Technology Soft Technology Enables Innovation in Hard Technology Soft Technology and Innovative Space Soft Technology and Institutional Innovation Institutions are a means of regulating soft technology Enhancing Research and Innovation in Technological Institutions Conscious Research and Development in Soft Technology To Achieve ``Leap Frog'' Development and Institutional Innovation Soft Technology and the Innovational System The Subject of Innovative Activities and the System of Technological Innovation The Structure of the Innovational System The Flowchart of Technological Innovation Innovative Space Soft Technology and the Strategic Adjustment of Chinese Enterprises The Strategic Innovation of Business Strengthening the R&D for Soft Technology Creating Product Strategies, Patent Strategies, and Peculiarity Strategies Organizational Innovation Talent Strategy Marketing Innovation-Creating Customers, Markets, and Industries Innovation of Concept and Culture Integrating Strategy with Internationalization The Model Change of Management and Administration Soft-Tech Industries 189(40) The Third Industrial Revolution and Soft Technology The Economic Era of Intelligent Service and Service Innovation Soft-Technology Industry and the Industrial Structure The Characteristics of the Soft Technology Industry Intelligent Service Industry in the Narrow-sense Social Industry The Value of Social Technology Social Market More Attention is Being Given to various Types of Social Industries The Characteristics of Social Industry The Types of Social Industry Cultural Industry What is Cultural Industry? The Classification of Cultural Industries A Reflection of the Purpose of Innovation What is Technological Competitiveness? 229(28) Knowledge and Technology are Merely Potential Sources of Competitiveness From Where Does Technology Competitiveness Come? Strong R& D Capacity is the Source for Creating Competitiveness Soft Technology is the Tool for Creating Competitiveness Hard Environments and Soft Environments is the Basic Condition of Competitiveness The Essential Gap Between Developed and Developing Countries The Way to Improve Technological Competitiveness for China Strengthening Macro-management and Boosting Environmental Innovation Strengthening Soft-Technology R & D and Boosting the Institutional Innovation Cultural Innovation Conducting strategic adjustments to meet international rules Soft-tech Talents and the Education Revolution 257(6) Soft Technology and the Fourth Generation of Technology Foresight 263(18) The Evolution and Development of Technology Forecasting The Three Climaxes of Technology Foresight From Technology Forecasting to Technology Foresight The Theory of the Four Stages of Technology Foresight The Third Generation of Technology Foresight and the Technological Driving Force The Fourth Generation of Technology Foresight and Soft Technology Technology Foresight and the Innovation System Soft Technology and the Goals of Technology Foresight The Causal Analysis of the Failure of Technology Forecasting Powerful Tools for Strategic Planning Embryonic Development of the Fourth Generation Technology Foresight Technology Foresight in Developing Countries Postscript: The Principles for Development in the Twenty-first Century - Harmony, Balance, and Equality 281(4) Appendix: Organizational Innovation and Virtual Research Institutes 285(18) The New Organization Mode Embodies the Features of the New Era The Defeats of Traditional Organizations of Science and Technology in China Virtual Institutions: A New Mode of Research Organizations Virtual Organizations Background and Significance The Development of Virtual Research Institutions in China Discussion Long-term Influences Fierce Challenges Bibliography 303(14) About the Author 317