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Introduction xi Adam B. Jaffe Josh Lerner Scott Stern Is the Pharmaceutical Industry in a Productivity Crisis? 1(32) Iain M. Cockburn When Ideas Are Not Free: The Impact of Patents on Scientific Research 33(38) Fiona Murray Scott Stern Wrapping It Up in a Person: The Mobility Patterns of New PhDs 71(28) Paula Stephan Innovation Incentives for Information Goods 99(26) Erik Brynjolfsson Xiaoquan (Michael) Zhang Innovating under Pressure---Towards a Science of Crisis Management 125 Daniel Diermeier Wallace J. Hopp Seyed Iravani