Integrated Nutrient Management for Sustainable Crop Production

About the Editors xi Contributors xiii Foreword xvii Paul E. Fixen Preface xix Global Food Production and Plant Nutrient Demand: Present Status and Future Prospects 1(28) Luc M. Maene Kristen E. Sukalac Patrick Heffer Introduction 1(1) Trends in Global Food, Feed, and Fiber Production and Consumption 2(12) Trends in Global Nutrient Demand 14(12) Conclusions 26(3) Integrated Nutrient Management: Present Status and Future Prospects 29(44) Cynthia A. Grant Milkha S. Aulakh A. E. Johnny Johnston Introduction 29(5) The Challenge of Nutrient Depletion 34(7) The Challenge of Nutrient Excess 41(2) Challenges for Integrated Nutrient Management 43(16) Future Challenges 59(14) Integrated Nutrient Management: Experience and Concepts from the United States 73(50) Mark M. Alley Dwayne G. Westfall Gregory L. Mullins Introduction 73(2) Major Climatic Regions and Crop Production 75(2) Crop Production and Nutrient Removals in Harvests 77(18) Monitoring Soil Fertility Levels in the United States 95(5) Manure and Biosolids Nutrient Sources 100(3) Nutrient Use 103(3) Nutrient Sources and Soil Fertility Maintenance 106(5) Nutrient Management Plans 111(4) Research Needs 115(8) Integrated Nutrient Management: Experience and Concepts from Canada 123(74) Sukhdev S. Malhi Adrian M. Johnston Cynthia A. Grant Jeff J. Schoenau Denis A. Angers Craig F. Drury Introduction 123(2) Major Soil/Climatic Regions and Cropping Systems 125(5) Agricultural Production and Nutrient Balances 130(3) Fertilizers and Sustainable Development 133(2) Technical Requirements for INM 135(4) Case Studies 139(33) Research Accomplishments, Gaps, and Future Needs 172(4) Conclusions 176(21) Integrated Nutrient Management: The European Experience 197(56) Paolo Sequi A. E. Johnny Johnston Rosa Francaviglia Roberta Farina Introduction 197(1) Background 198(2) Major Soil Classes, Climatic Zones, and Agricultural Production Systems 200(5) Agricultural Production, Nutrient Use, and Issues 205(15) Farming Practices and Environmental Issues 220(7) Integrated Nutrient Management and Agri-Environmental Policies 227(2) Integrated Nutrient Management 229(15) Appendix 1 244(3) Appendix 2 247(2) Appendix 3 249(4) Integrated Nutrient Management: Experience and Concepts from New Zealand 253(32) Antony H. C. Roberts Tony J. van der Weerden Douglas C. Edmeades Introduction 253(1) Major Soil and Climatic Regions and Major Cropping Systems 254(1) Agricultural Production and Nutrient Balances 255(5) Fertilizers and Sustainable Development 260(5) Integrated Nutrient Management 265(2) Technical Requirements for INM 267(2) Actual Implementation and INM 269(2) Discussion of Cases 271(3) Research Gaps and Future Research Needs 274(5) Summary and Conclusion 279(6) Integrated Nutrient Management: Experience from South Asia 285(42) Milkha S. Aulakh Gitriqbal Singh Introduction 285(2) Climate and Major Crops 287(1) Agricultural Production and Nutrient Consumption 288(2) Benefits and Limitations of Chemical Fertilizers 290(4) Integrated Nutrient Management Practices 294(16) Technical Requirements for INM 310(2) Constraints for Implementation of INM 312(1) Research Gaps and Future Needs 313(1) Summary and Conclusions 314(13) Integrated Nutrient Management: Experience from China 327(42) Bao Lin Jianchang Xie Ronggui Wu Guangxi Xing Zhihong Li Introduction 327(1) Major Agricultural Regions and Cropping Systems 328(4) Agricultural Production, Fertilization, and Nutrient Balance 332(7) Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) 339(17) Benefits and Limitations of Chemical Fertilizers 356(5) Fertilizer and Agriculture Sustainability 361(8) Integrated Nutrient Management: Experience from Rice-Based Systems in Southeast Asia 369(52) Dan C. Olk Mathias Becker Bruce A. Linquist Sushil Pandey Christian Witt Introduction 369(2) Integrated Nutrient Management in Rainfed Rice 371(13) Green Manures 384(8) Integrated Nutrient Management in Irrigated Lowland Rice 392(8) Socioeconomic Constraints to Adoption of Improved Nutrient Management Technologies 400(9) Conclusions 409(12) Integrated Nutrient Management: Experience from South America 421(46) Bernardo van Raij Alfredo Scheid Lopes Eduardo Casanova Martin Diaz-Zorita Introduction 421(1) Main Ecosystems and Cropping Systems 422(4) Agricultural Production and Nutrient Balances 426(12) Fertilizers and Sustainable Development 438(3) Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) 441(3) Technical Requirements for INM 444(4) Actual Implementation of INM 448(5) Discussion of Cases 453(8) Research Gaps and Future Research Needs 461(1) Summary and Conclusion 462(5) Integrated Nutrient Management: Concepts and Experience from Sub-Saharan Africa 467(56) Andre Bationo Joseph Kimetu Job Kihara Boaz S. Waswa Bernard Vanlauwe Kanwar L. Sahrawat Introduction 467(3) Overview of Soil Fertility Status in Africa 470(7) Evolution of Soil Fertility Paradigm in Africa 477(4) ISFM Experiences in SSA 481(27) Conclusions 508(15) Integrated Nutrient Management: Experience and Concepts from the Middle East 523(44) Uzi Kafkafi David J. Bonfil Introduction 523(1) Major Soils, Climatic Regions, and Major Cropping Systems 524(10) Agricultural Production and Nutrient Balance 534(17) Case Study of Wheat 551(16) Index 567