Integrating Physical Agents in Rehabilitation

Preface v Contributors vii Reviewers ix PART I APPROACHING PHYSICAL AGENTS 1(78) Introduction 3(4) The Skin 7(14) The Circulatory System 21(10) Wound Management 31(16) Edema 47(10) Pain 57(16) Electromagnetic Spectrum 73(6) PART II THERMAL AGENTS 79(172) Terminology 81(10) Thermal Physics 91(14) Biophysics 105(14) Physiological Responses to Thermal Stimuli 119(24) Clinical Effects of Thermal Modalities 143(10) Superficial Thermotherapy 153(14) Cryotherapy 167(12) Ultrasound 179(36) Diathermy 215(24) Safety Considerations for Thermal Modalities 239(12) PART III ELECTROTHERAPY 251(110) Therapeutic Electricity 253(20) Electrophysiology 273(10) Clinical Applications of Electrical Stimulation 283(12) Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) 295(12) Iontophoresis 307(6) Clinical Electroneuromyography 313(48) PART IV MECHANICAL AGENTS 361(66) Spinal Traction 363(24) External Compression 387(10) Hydrotherapy 397(30) PART V PHOTOCHEMICAL AGENTS 427(30) Ultraviolet Radiation 429(18) Low-Level Laser Therapy 447(10) PART VI ADDITIONAL CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 457(44) Biofeedback 459(24) Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation 483(18) APPENDIX CLINICAL CASES AND LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS 501(16) Clinical Cases and Laboratory Experiments with the Thermal Agents Appendix 501(5) Clinical Cases and Laboratory Experiments with the Electrical Agents Appendix 506(5) Clinical Cases and Laboratory Experiments with the Mechanical Agents Appendix 511(3) Clinical Cases and Laboratory Experiments with the Photochemical Agents Appendix 514(1) Clinical Cases and Laboratory Experiments with Biofeedback and Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Appendix 515(2) Index 517