Intellectual Property

Table of Cases xi Table of Legislation xxix International Conventions and Treaties xlvii 1. The Concept of Intellectual Property A. The Scope and Structure of this Book 2 B. Thumb-Nail Outlines of Copyright, Patent, Trade Mark, and Database Right 6 1. Copyright 6 2. Patent 7 3. Trade mark 9 4. Database right C. The Concept of Intellectual Property 12 1. A right that can be treated as property 13 2. ...to control particular uses 16 3. ...of a specific type of intangible asset 21 4. Such rights are granted when the particular intangible asset can be attributed to an individual creator or identifiable group of creators, the creator(s) being presumptively entitled to the right 25 5. They are enforced strictly and by both civil and criminal law 29 D. Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition 36 1. No general norm against unfair competition 36 2. No general action against misrepresentation, denigration or misappropriation 37 3. Intellectual property and the norms of unfair competition 41 2. The Justification of Intellectual Property 43 A. Creator-Centred Justifications 45 1. The argument from creation 46 2. The argument from desert 47 3. The argument from personhood 49 4. The argument from autonomy 52 B. User-Centred Justifications 58 1. The argument from harm 58 2. The argument from misrepresentation 60 3. The argument from unjust enrichment 61 C. Community-Centred Justifications 63 1. The orthodox argument 63 2. Is protection always necessary? 66 3. Are the current regimes structured to provide for the creation, dissemination, and efficient exploitation of their subject matter? 70 D. Conclusion 73 3. The Protection of Creative Assets 74 A. Proprietary Rights: Copyright 79 1. Subject matter 79 2. First ownership 95 3. The scope of protection 104 4. Conclusion 120 B. Proprietary Rights: The Public Lending Right 120 C. Proprietary Rights: The Publication Right 121 D. Proprietary and Non-Proprietary Rights: Rights in Performances 122 E. Non-Proprietary Rights: Moral Rights 123 1. The paternity right 125 2. The right against false attribution 126 3. The integrity right 127 4. Conclusion 132 F. Non-Proprietary Rights: Artist's Resale Right ('Droit De Suite') 134 G. Non-Proprietary Rights: Technological Protection Measures 136 4. The Protection of Technology Assets 138 A. Proprietary Rights: Patent 144 1. Subject matter 148 2. First ownership 190 3. The scope of protection 199 4. Conclusion 212 B. Proprietary Rights: UK Design Right 213 1. Subject matter 216 2. First ownership 219 3. The scope of protection 219 4. Conclusion: utility model protection 220 5. The Protection of Marketing Assets 222 1. The expanding concept of the brand 223 2. The brand as product 224 A. Non-Proprietary Rights: Passing Off 230 1. The requirement of goodwill 231 2. Misrepresentation 235 3. Damage 242 4. Reverse passing off 244 B. Proprietary Rights: Registered Trade Marks 245 1. Subject matter 247 2. First ownership 263 3. The scope of protection 264 C. Proprietary Rights: Collective and Certification Marks, Designations of Origin, Geographical Indications, and Traditional Specialities Guaranteed 283 1. Collective and certification marks 283 2. Designations of origin, geographical indications, and traditional specialities guaranteed 284 D. Proprietary Rights: Registered Designs and Community Design Right 287 1. Subject matter 289 2. First ownership 292 3. The scope of protection 292 E. Conclusion 294 6. The Protection of Information Assets 295 A. Non-Proprietary Rights: Confidential Information 295 1. Confidential information 298 2. Circumstances importing an obligation of confidence 302 3. Unauthorized use of the information and detriment 308 4. Defences 311 5. Conclusion 313 B. Proprietary Rights: Database Right 314 1. Subject matter 315 2. First ownership 318 3. The scope of protection 319 4. Conclusion 325 Index 327