Interpreting Literature with Children

Acknowledgments xiii Prologue: Engagement Beyond the Edges of the Earth 1(8) Ruined by Reading 2(1) A Recipe for Engagement 3(1) An Outline for the Book 3(6) I: Salutations! Learning About Literature 1 Critical Perspectives 9(35) Literary Engagement 10(11) Literature: Sound, Metaphor, & Structure 11(1) Beyond the Delivery system 12(2) Limiting Engagement 14(1) Expanding Engagement 15(6) Children Are smart 16(1) Children Are Unique 17(1) Literary Engagement Is Cognitive Work 18(1) Literature Is an Available & Ready Resource 19(2) Critical Perspectives 21(18) Kinds of Criticism 23(12) Genetic Criticism 23(1) Table 1.1-Key Forms of Literary Criticism 24(2) Formal Criticism 26(2) Text-to-Text Criticism 28(1) Figure 1.1-"Building" a Literacy/Social Studies Unit on African American Heroism 30(2) Transactional Criticism 32(1) Figure 1.2-Rosenblatt's Continuum 32(3) Sociocultural Criticism 35(4) Summary 39(1) Books for the Professional 40(1) Chapter Touchstone Text 41(1) Recommended Tradebooks for Critical Perspectives 42(2) 2 Literary Elements in Prose & Poetry 44(49) Figure 2.1-"Well, they've got to grow up some time!" 47(2) Literary Elements in Prose 49(25) Table 2.1-Components of Narrative 50(1) Genre 51(3) Figure 2.2-Central Genres in Literary Prose: Definitions & Examples 53(1) Theme 54(2) Character 56(4) Figure 2.3-Character Development Matrix & Double Entry Journal 59(1) Setting 60(2) Plot 62(4) Figure 2.4-Graphing Plot 64(2) Point of View 66(3) Style 69(3) Tone 72(2) Poetry 74(11) Figure 2.5-Key Features & Favorite Books of Poetry 75(1) Text-to-Text Poetry for Hansel and Gretel 76(5) Text-to-Text Poetry for The Watsons 81(4) Summary 85(2) Books for the Professional 87(1) Chapter Touchstone Texts 88(1) Recommended Tradebooks for Prose & Poetry 88(5) II: Ways of Taking From Literature 3 Talking About Literature 93(38) Talk: The "Tool of Tools" 94(9) The Read-Aloud: A Focus on the Unexpected 96(7) Read Aloud Everyday 98(1) Create a Community Atmosphere 98(1) Read With Panache 99(1) Encourage Literary Engagement 100(1) Comment on Craft 101(1) Figure 3.1-The Read-Aloud 103(1) Independent Reading: From self-Talk to sharing 103(7) Devote Time for Daily Independent Reading 105(1) Combine Choice With Recommendations 105(2) Create an Enticing Classroom Library 107(2) Review Reflective Record Keeping 109(1) Literature Discussion: Upping the Ante on Talk 110(15) Figure 3.2-Independent Reading 111(3) Figure 3.3-Literature Discussion 114(1) Lead As Well As Follow 114(2) Highlight Criticism 116(3) Encourage Coding of Comments & Questions 119(2) Emphasize Multiple Modes of Response 121(1) Extend the Conversation to the Community 122(12) Figure 3.4-A "Book Bag" Letter from a Primary Teacher 123(2) Summary 125(3) Books for the Professional 128(1) Chapter Touchstone Texts 129(1) Recommended Tradebooks for Talk 129(2) 4 Culture & Class in Children's Literature 131(36) The Right to Write 134(5) Figure 4.1-Major Multicultural Awards and Web Sites 137(2) Surveying the Numbers, studying the Images 139(3) Analyzing Authenticity & Aesthetic Heat 142(8) The Use of Metaphor 144(1) The View of Sociopolitical Realities 144(1) The Use of Spanish 145(1) The Focus on Family 145(1) The Need for Authentic Native American Texts 146(4) Talking About Culture & Class With Children 150(13) Talking About Esperanza Rising with 11- & 12-year-olds 151(6) Figure 4.2-Cristina's Interpretation of the First Half of Esperanza Rising 155(2) Talking About Amelias Road with 7-, 8-, & 9-year olds 157(6) Summary 163(1) Books for the Professional 164(1) Chapter Touchstone Texts 165(1) Recommended Tradebooks for Culture & Class 165(2) 5 Gender in Children's Literature 167(34) Typical & stereotypical Gender Patterns 172(7) Traditional Fairy Tales 172(5) Women Against Women 172(1) The Fairest of Us All 173(1) From Incest to Innocence 174(1) Pluck & Sheer Dumb Luck 175(1) Men & Women Say, "I do." 176(1) 20th Century Children's Literature 177(2) The Shift from stereotypes 179(8) Feminist, Gay & Lesbian, Fractured, & Multicultural Fairy Tales 180(1) Feminist Fairy Tales 180(4) Gay & Lesbian Fairy Tales 182(1) Fractured Fairy Tales 182(1) Multicultural Fairy Tales 183(1) Modern Fiction 184(20) Figure 5.1-Recommended Gender-Bending Books 186(1) Talking With Children About Gender 187(6) Summary 193(2) Books for the Professional 195(1) Chapter Touchstone Texts 196(1) Recommended Tradebooks for Gender 196(5) III: Ways of Doing Literature 6 Interpreting Literature Through Writing 201(24) Literary Response Journals 204(8) Summing Up 205(2) Puzzles & Predictions 207(2) Critiquing Craft 209(3) Figure 6.1-Analyzing Craft in Because of Winn-Dixie 211(1) Leaning on Literature 212(9) Mentors Standing in the Shadows 212(3) Moving Mentors Out Into the Open 215(4) Figure 6.2-Stay Up Late!!!! by Ann Marie 218(1) Mentors Leading From the Heart 219(2) Summary 221(1) Books for the Professional 222(1) Chapter Touchstone Texts 223(1) Recommended Tradebooks for Writing 223(2) 7 Interpreting Literature Through the Visual Arts 225(30) Seeing Picture Books 228(9) Picturing Words 228(9) Where to Look 229(3) What to Look For 232(2) How to Feel 234(3) Creating Images 237(14) Envisioning Words 237(2) Composing Images 239(4) Figure 7.1-Children's Visual Art From Because of Winn-Dixie 240(3) Critiquing Images 243(16) Figure 7.2-A Teacher's Visual Art From Because of Winn-Dixie 244(3) Figure 7.3-Children's Visual Art From The Giver 247(4) Summary 251(1) Books for the Professional 252(1) Chapter Touchstone Texts 253(1) Recommended Tradebooks for the Visual Arts 253(2) 8 Interpreting Literature Through Drama 255(35) Text-Centered Drama 259(13) Warming Up 260(2) Scene Selection & Script Writing 262(1) Rehearsal 263(4) Figure 8.1-Young Children's Character Portrayals for Classroom Theatre Rehearsals 265(2) Critical Space 267(2) Performance 269(3) Figure 8.2-Written Response in Critical Space 270(2) Text-Edged Drama 272(6) Multiple Roles/Multiple Forms 273(2) Teacher-in-Role 275(2) Critical Space 277(1) Summary 278(3) Figure 8.3-Dramatic Possibilities for Chapter 2 Touchstone Texts 279(2) Books for the Professional 281(1) Chapter Touchstone Texts 281(1) Recommended Tradebooks for Drama 282(2) Epilogue How Like the Mind 284(6) References 290(16) Academic References 290(8) Adult Literature References 298(1) Children's Literature References 298(8) Credits 306(3) Index 309