Latin America with Infotrac : A Social History Of The Colonial Period

PART I THE ENCOUNTER BETWEEN NATIVE AMERICANS AND EUROPEANS 1(116) CHAPTER 1 THE ANCIENT MESOAMERICANS 3(34) THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE 5(2) THE PRECLASSICAL PERIOD 7(4) THE CLASSICAL PERIOD 11(9) Teotihuacán 11(3) Monte Albán 14(1) The Classical Maya 15(1) Maya Society 16(4) POSTCLASSICAL CULTURES 20(14) The Toltec 21(2) The Aztec 23(8) Aztec Society 31(3) CONCLUDING REMARKS 34(3) Study Questions 35(1) Additional Reading 35(2) CHAPTER 2 THE ANCIENT SOUTH AMERICANS 37(40) THE EARLY HORIZON 39(4) Chavin 41(2) THE MIDDLE HORIZON 43(4) Mochica 43(3) Tiwanaku and Wari 46(1) THE LATE HORIZON 47(10) Chimú 48(1) The Inka 48(4) Andean Society 52(5) OTHER ANCIENT ANDEANS 57(4) Chibcha 57(2) Diaguita 59(1) Mapuche 60(1) THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURISTS 61(9) The Ancient Brazilians 61(3) Gê 64(1) Tupi 64(2) Guarani 66(2) Aruak 68(2) THE SOUTHERN HUNTERS 70(3) Chaco 70(1) Charrúa 71(1) Pampas and Patagonia 72(1) CONCLUDING REMARKS 73(4) Study Questions 74(1) Additional Reading 74(3) CHAPTER 3 IBERIAN CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT 77(40) THE IBERIAN BACKGROUND 78(3) CONQUEST IN THE CARIBBEAN 81(5) Struggle over the Indians 84(2) THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO 86(9) The Encomienda 90(5) THE CONQUEST OF PERU 95(3) Peruvian Wealth 95(2) The Crown and the Conquerors 97(1) ADDITIONAL SPANISH CONQUESTS 98(6) Northern South America 99(2) The Rio de la Plata 101(3) SETTLEMENT OF BRAZIL 104(5) The Donatory System 107(1) São Vicente 108(1) CONCLUDING REMARKS 109(12) Study Questions 114(1) Additional Reading 114(3) PART II ESTABLISHING THE COLONIAL SOCIAL HERITAGE 117(136) CHAPTER 4 COLONIAL INSTITUTIONS 121(38) THE ECONOMICS OF DOMINATION 123(6) Foreign Commerce 123(3) Domestic Commerce 126(3) FOREIGN COMPETITORS 129(2) The French 129(1) The Dutch 130(1) The English 131(1) THE COLONIAL STATE 131(10) Administrative Organization 133(3) Economic Intervention 136(3) Social Intervention 139(2) THE CHURCH 141(12) Missionaries 142(4) The Secular Clergy 146(3) Religious Women 149(2) The Inquisition 151(2) CONCLUDING REMARKS 153(6) Study Questions 155(1) Additional Reading 155(4) CHAPTER 5 THE IBERIAN-AMERICAN WORLD 159(28) A SOCIETY OF CASTES 161(11) Gente Decente 161(1) Gente de Pueblo 162(4) The Urban Environment 166(3) The Rural Environment 169(3) FAMILY PATRIARCHY 172(9) Women of the Gente Decente 175(3) Women of the Gente de Pueblo 178(3) LABOR SYSTEMS 181(2) CONCLUDING REMARKS 183(4) Study Questions 184(1) Additional Reading 184(3) CHAPTER 6 NATIVE AMERICANS 187(39) DEMOGRAPHIC DECLINE 189(10) Devastation and Resistance 189(4) Brazil 193(3) Plantation Slavery 196(2) Paraguay 198(1) ACCOMMODATION AND ACCULTURATION 199(16) Resettlement Policy 200(2) The Native Nobility 202(1) Village Organization 203(2) Economic Exchange 205(2) Proletarianization 207(3) Native American Catholicism 210(5) ADAPTATION AND RESISTANCE 215(5) Chile 215(1) Argentina 216(2) Northern Mexico 218(2) CONCLUDING REMARKS 220(6) Study Questions 222(1) Additional Reading 222(4) CHAPTER 7 AFRICAN AMERICANS 226(27) THE MIDDLE PASSAGE 228(5) African Origins 229(2) The Voyage 231(2) SLAVERY IN THE SPANISH AMERICAS 233(7) Mexico 234(1) Spanish South America 235(3) Resistance and Accommodation 238(2) SLAVERY IN BRAZIL 240(7) Plantations 241(4) Slave Agency 245(2) CONCLUDING REMARKS 247(10) Study Questions 250(1) Additional Reading 250(3) PART III ECONOMIC FLORESCENCE AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 253(154) CHAPTER 8 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SPANISH NORTH AMERICA 257(29) A CENTURY OF IMPERIAL REFORM 259(1) PRODUCTION FOR EXPORT 260(5) Mining 260(3) Spaniards and Creoles 263(2) DOMESTIC MARKETS 265(9) Urban and Rural Society 266(1) Manufacturing 267(3) Southern Mexico 270(4) CENTRAL AMERICA 274(3) THE SPANISH CARIBBEAN 277(5) Sugar's Difference 278(1) Slave Society 279(3) CONCLUDING REMARKS 282(4) Study Questions 283(1) Additional Reading 283(3) CHAPTER 9 THE WORKING PEOPLE OF MEXICO 286(21) PEASANTS TO PEONS 288(4) Peasant Resistance 288(1) Peonage 289(2) Coercion and Resistance 291(1) MINING WORKERS 292(4) Mobility and Independence 293(3) URBAN WORKERS 296(4) Mexico City Workers 296(3) Textile Workers 299(1) WORKERS AND THE STATE 300(4) Legal Framework 301(3) CONCLUDING REMARKS 304(3) Study Questions 305(1) Additional Reading 305(2) CHAPTER 10 THE EMERGENCE OF SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA 307(32) CHANGE IN THE CORE REGION 309(4) Mining Revival 309(3) Draft Labor 312(1) NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA 313(7) Ecuador and Colombia 313(2) Colombian Gold 315(2) Venezuelan Cacao 317(3) THE SOUTHERN CONE 320(15) Paraguay 320(2) The Jesuit Problem 322(4) Argentina 326(1) Hispanic Society 327(2) The Pampas Indians 329(3) Chile 332(1) Chilean Rural Society 333(2) CONCLUDING REMARKS 335(4) Study Questions 336(1) Additional Reading 336(3) CHAPTER 11 REBELLION IN THE ANDES 339(22) THE CAUSES OF REBELLION 340(4) Corruption 341(1) Resistance 342(1) Repression 343(1) THE TÚPAC AMARU REBELLION 344(4) Leadership 345(1) Decline 346(2) THE TÚPAC CATARI REBELLION 348(2) THE COMUNERO REVOLT 350(7) Social Organization 350(3) Taxes 353(1) Negotiation 354(3) CONCLUDING REMARKS 357(4) Study Questions 358(1) Additional Reading 359(2) CHAPTER 12 BRAZIL'S AGE OF GOLD 361(26) FRONTIER SOCIETY 362(11) Slavery in Mining 364(3) Women and Mobility 367(1) Frontier Politics 368(5) GOLD'S ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT 373(6) Frontier Expansion 373(2) Renaissance on the Coast 375(4) THE RISE OF RIO DE JANEIRO AND SÃO PAULO 379(4) Slaves and Masters 380(2) The Free Poor 382(1) CONCLUDING REMARKS 383(4) Study Questions 384(1) Additional Reading 384(3) CHAPTER 13 THE HAITIAN SOCIAL REVOLUTION 387(20) PLANTATION SOCIETY 388(7) Slave Life 389(5) The Elites 394(1) REVOLT OF THE SLAVES 395(5) EPILOGUE 400(3) CONCLUDING REMARKS 403(6) Study Questions 404(1) Additional Reading 404(3) PART IV THE AGE OF REFORM AND INDEPENDENCE 407(66) CHAPTER 14 THE FAILURE TO AVERT THE COLONIAL CRISIS 409(29) IMPERIAL REFORM 410(13) The Bourbon Reforms 410(3) Free Trade 413(1) The Pombaline Reforms 414(1) Taxation 415(4) Church-State Relations 419(2) Women and Family 421(2) THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE CREOLES 423(3) Political Ideas 423(1) Brazilian Thought 424(1) Nationality 425(1) CRISIS OF THE COLONIAL ORDER 426(6) Revolution in France 429(1) Impact in the Colonies 429(2) Napoleon in Iberia 431(1) BREAKDOWN OF ELITE CONSENSUS 432(3) Conservatism of Slave Societies 432(1) Elite Unrest in Spanish America 433(2) CONCLUDING REMARKS 435(3) Study Questions 435(1) Additional Reading 436(2) CHAPTER 15 REVOLUTION AND INDEPENDENCE 438(35) REBELLION OF THE MEXICAN MASSES 439(6) The Hidalgo Revolt 439(3) The Morelos Rebellion 442(3) NATIVE REVOLT IN PERU 445(1) THE REVOLUTION IN THE RIO DE LA PLATA 446(6) Political Decentralization 446(3) The Popular Revolution 449(3) THE CONSOLIDATION OF INDEPENDENCE 452(5) Independence of Mexico 452(3) Liberation of Chile 455(2) THE LIBERATION OF NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA 457(5) Venezuela and Colombia 458(3) Ecuador 461(1) INDEPENDENCE OF PERU AND BOLIVIA 462(4) SLAVERY AT THE CROSSROADS 466(2) Brazil 466(2) CONCLUDING REMARKS 468(5) Study Questions 470(1) Additional Reading 470(3) GLOSSARY 473(8) CREDITS 481(2) INDEX 483