Measuring and Valuing Health Benefits for Economic Evaluatio

Preface v Acknowledgements vii The purpose and scope of this book 1(6) Introduction to the measurement and valuation of health 7(30) The rationale 7(2) Techniques of economic evaluation 9(6) Measures for describing health 15(5) The use of non-preference-based measures of health in economic evaluation 20(6) An introduction to quality-adjusted life years 26(6) Questions to be addressed in this book 32(1) Concluding remarks 33(4) Foundations in welfare economics and utility theory: what should be valued? 37(18) Economic theory and economic evaluation 37(7) The measure of benefit 44(8) Conclusion 52(3) Describing health 55(28) What should be described? 55(10) Practical concerns in the description of health 65(11) Conclusions 76(7) Valuing health 83(56) Introduction 83(1) Valuation techniques a description 83(11) Review of valuation techniques 94(10) Overview and comparison of techniques 104(3) The impact of different variants of the valuation techniques---evidence for preference construction? 107(4) Aggregation of health state values 111(1) Who should value health? 112(5) Conclusions 117(22) Modelling health state valuation data 139(20) Statistical modelling 140(8) Multiattribute utility theory 148(4) Comparison of predicting values using statistical modelling and MAUT 152(2) The role of background variables 154(2) Conclusion 156(3) Using ordinal data to estimate cardinal valuations 159(16) Why consider ordinal ranking methods? 159(1) Types of ordinal information 160(1) How can ordinal data be used to derive cardinal information? 161(1) Historical foundations for ordinal approaches 162(1) Applications 163(9) Conclusions 172(3) Methods for obtaining health state values: generic preference-based measures of health and the alternatives 175(82) Generic preference-based measures of health 176(55) Mapping or cross-walking from a non-preference-based measure onto a generic preference-based measure of health 231(2) Deriving a preference-based measure from an existing non-preference-based measure 233(1) Deriving a new preference-based measure 234(1) Valuing vignettes 234(1) Direct preference elictiation 235(1) Using values from the literature 235(2) Implications for decision making 237(2) Conclusion 239(18) Design and analysis of health state valuation data for trial- and model-based economic evaluations 257(30) Introduction 257(1) Some basics: what do trial- and model-based economic evaluations require? 258(2) Trial-based economic evaluations 260(20) Additional issues in populating an economic model 280(1) Conclusions 281(6) A QALY is a QALY is a QALY---or is it not? 287(12) Introduction 287(2) Weighted cost per QALY analyses 289(2) Theory and evidence for the relative value of QALYs 291(4) Practical concerns for cost per weighted QALY analyses 295(1) Conclusion 296(3) Measuring and valuing health: an international perspective 299(18) The disability-adjusted life year 299(7) International comparisons of health state values 306(6) Summary and conclusions 312(5) Conclusions 317(8) Glossary 325(12) Index 337