Mechanics of Composite Materials

Introduction to Composite Materials 1(60) Chapter Objectives 1(53) Introduction 1(15) Classification 16(3) Polymer Matrix Composites 19(21) Metal Matrix Composites 40(5) Ceramic Matrix Composites 45(1) Carbon--Carbon Composites 46(4) Recycling Fiber-Reinforced Composites 50(1) Mechanics Terminology 51(3) Summary 54(1) Key Terms 54(1) Exercise Set 55(2) References 57(1) General References 58(1) Video References 59(2) Macromechanical Analysis of a Lamina 61(142) Chapter Objectives 61(106) Introduction 61(4) Review of Definitions 65(1) Stress 65(3) Strain 68(7) Elastic Moduli 75(2) Strain Energy 77(2) Hooke's Law for Different Types of Materials 79(2) Anisotropic Material 81(1) Monoclinic Material 82(2) Orthotropic Material (Orthogonally Anisotropic)/Specially Orthotropic 84(3) Transversely Isotropic Material 87(1) Isotropic Material 88(11) Hooke's Law for a Two-Dimensional Unidirectional Lamina 99(1) Plane Stress Assumption 99(1) Reduction of Hooke's Law in Three Dimensions to Two Dimensions 100(1) Relationship of Compliance and Stiffness Matrix to Engineering Elastic Constants of a Lamina 101(8) Hooke's Law for a Two-Dimensional Angle Lamina 109(12) Engineering Constants of an Angle Lamina 121(11) Invariant Form of Stiffness and Compliance Matrices for an Angle Lamina 132(5) Strength Failure Theories of an Angle Lamina 137(2) Maximum Stress Failure Theory 139(4) Strength Ratio 143(1) Failure Envelopes 144(2) Maximum Strain Failure Theory 146(3) Tsai--Hill Failure Theory 149(4) Tsai--Wu Failure Theory 153(5) Comparison of Experimental Results with Failure Theories 158(2) Hygrothermal Stresses and Strains in a Lamina 160(3) Hygrothermal Stress--Strain Relationships for a Unidirectional Lamina 163(1) Hygrothermal Stress--Strain Relationships for an Angle Lamina 164(3) Summary 167(1) Key Terms 167(1) Exercise Set 168(6) References 174(1) Appendix A: Matrix Algebra 175(20) Key Terms 195(2) Appendix B: Transformation of Stresses and Strains 197(5) Transformation of Stress 197(2) Transformation of Strains 199(3) Key Terms 202(1) Micromechanical Analysis of a Lamina 203(112) Chapter Objectives 203(105) Introduction 203(1) Volume and Mass Fractions, Density, and Void Content 204(1) Volume Fractions 204(1) Mass Fractions 205(2) Density 207(4) Void Content 211(4) Evaluation of the Four Elastic Moduli 215(1) Strength of Materials Approach 216(2) Longitudinal Young's Modulus 218(3) Transverse Young's Modulus 221(6) Major Poisson's Ratio 227(2) In-Plane Shear Modulus 229(3) Semi-Empirical Models 232(2) Longitudinal Young's Modulus 234(1) Transverse Young's Modulus 234(2) Major Poisson's Ratio 236(1) In-Plane Shear Modulus 237(2) Elasticity Approach 239(2) Longitudinal Young's Modulus 241(8) Major Poisson's Ratio 249(2) Transverse Young's Modulus 251(5) Axial Shear Modulus 256(12) Elastic Moduli of Lamina with Transversely Isotropic Fibers 268(3) Ultimate Strengths of a Unidirectional Lamina 271(1) Longitudinal Tensile Strength 271(6) Longitudinal Compressive Strength 277(7) Transverse Tensile Strength 284(5) Transverse Compressive Strength 289(2) In-Plane Shear Strength 291(5) Coefficients of Thermal Expansion 296(1) Longitudinal Thermal Expansion Coefficient 297(1) Transverse Thermal Expansion Coefficient 298(5) Coefficients of Moisture Expansion 303(4) Summary 307(1) Key Terms 308(1) Exercise Set 308(3) References 311(4) Macromechanical Analysis of Laminates 315(54) Chapter Objectives 315(49) Introduction 315(1) Laminate Code 316(2) Stress--Strain Relations for a Laminate 318(1) One-Dimensional Isotropic Beam Stress--Strain Relation 318(2) Strain-Displacement Equations 320(5) Strain and Stress in a Laminate 325(1) Force and Moment Resultants Related to Midplane Strains and Curvatures 326(14) In-Plane and Flexural Modulus of a Laminate 340(1) In-Plane Engineering Constants of a Laminate 341(3) Flexural Engineering Constants of a Laminate 344(6) Hygrothermal Effects in a Laminate 350(1) Hygrothermal Stresses and Strains 350(8) Coefficients of Thermal and Moisture Expansion of Laminates 358(4) Warpage of Laminates 362(1) Summary 363(1) Key Terms 364(1) Exercise Set 364(3) References 367(2) Failure, Analysis, and Design of Laminates 369(62) Chapter Objectives 369(57) Introduction 369(1) Special Cases of Laminates 370(1) Symmetric Laminates 370(1) Cross-Ply Laminates 371(1) Angle Ply Laminates 372(1) Antisymmetric Laminates 372(1) Balanced Laminate 373(1) Quasi-Isotropic Laminates 373(7) Failure Criterion for a Laminate 380(13) Design of a Laminated Composite 393(26) Other Mechanical Design Issues 419(1) Sandwich Composites 419(1) Long-Term Environmental Effects 420(1) Interlaminar Stresses 421(1) Impact Resistance 422(1) Fracture Resistance 423(1) Fatigue Resistance 424(1) Summary 425(1) Key Terms 426(1) Exercise Set 426(4) References 430(1) Bending of Beams 431(28) Chapter Objectives 431(24) Introduction 431(2) Symmetric Beams 433(11) Nonsymmetric Beams 444(11) Summary 455(1) Key Terms 455(1) Exercise Set 456(1) References 457(2) Index 459