Medical Marvels : The 100 Greatest Advances in Medicine

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 15(2) PREFACE 17(382) 1. From Abandonment to the Idea of Healing 21(4) 2. The Doctor-Patient Relationship 25(3) 3. The Hippocratic Corpus 28(3) 4. The Discovery of Microscopic Life 31(4) 5. The Medical Encounter and the History of the Present Illness 35(4) 6. Galenic Medicine 39(3) 7. On the Fabric of the Human Body by Andreas Vesalius 42(5) 8. The Physical Examination 47(4) 9. To See for Oneself at the Autopsy 51(4) 10. On the Motion of the Heart by William Harvey 55(4) 11. Diagnostic X-ray Examinations 59(4) 12. Observations and Experiments on the Gastric Juice and the Physiology of Digestion by William Beaumont 63(2) 13. "Nervism" and the Integration of the Organ Systems 65(4) 14. "Chemical Messengers" and the Discovery of Hormones 69(4) 15. The Germ Theory of Disease 73(5) 16. Smallpox Vaccination 78(6) 17. Aspirin 84(2) 18. The Initiation of Insulin Therapy 86(3) 19. Florence Nightingale and Modern Nursing 89(5) 20. The Development of Sewage Systems 94(5) 21. Public Works and Health 99(2) 22. Paul Ehrlich's "Magic Bullets" 101(3) 23. Eradication of Smallpox by the World Health Organization 104(3) 24. Gregor Mendel's Discovery of Genetics 107(4) 25. Friedrich Miescher Discovers DNA in Pus 111(2) 26. Oswald Theodore Avery Uncovers the Function of DNA 113(3) 27. The Structure of DNA Is Elucidated by James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin 116(6) 28. The Genetic Code 122(7) 29. Tropical Medicine 129(3) 30. Microscopes 132(4) 31. The Fool of Pest 136(3) 32. Contraception 139(5) 33. George Seldes Leads the Fight to Deal with Tobacco-Related Illness 144(5) 34. Penicillin 149(4) 35. The Development of Surgical Anesthesia 153(6) 36. Blood Transfusion 159(3) 37. Modern Surgical Techniques 162(2) 38. The Control of Polio 164(4) 39. Cardiac Catheterization and Related Techniques 168(3) 40. Cholesterol and the Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Disease 171(6) 41. Lab Rats Tango in the Bronx The Development of Radioimmunoassay 177(7) 42. The Discovery of Viruses 184(4) 43. Retroviruses and Oncogenes 188(3) 44. Koch's Postulates 191(3) 45. Victory at C and the Concept of Vitamins 194(4) 46. Carbolic Acid Wound Dressing 198(2) 47. Dentistry 200(3) 48. The Relaxing Factor That Led to Viagra 203(3) 49. Advanced Imaging Techniques 206(3) 50. Immunological Tolerance and Rejection 209(3) 51. Solid Organ Transplantation 212(5) 52. Kidney Transplantation 217(3) 53. Liver Transplantation 220(4) 54. Heart Transplantation 224(2) 55. Bone Marrow Transplantation 226(5) 56. Ancient and Early Surgery 231(5) 57. The Development of Medical Subspecialties 236(2) 58. The Development of Surgical Subspecialties 238(1) 59. Minimally Invasive Surgery 239(2) 60. Birthing Care 241(7) 61. Hospitals 248(5) 62. Coronary Care and Other Intensive Care Units 253(2) 63. Streptomycin and Control of Tuberculosis 255(2) 64. Digitalis 257(4) 65. The Pneumococcus from Hell and Understanding Antibiotic Resistance 261(4) 66. The Development of Antiviral Drugs and Cures for Childhood Leukemia 265(4) 67. Chemotherapy for Malignant Disease 269(2) 68. Therapeutic Radiation 271(4) 69. Rita Levi-Montalcini Discovers Nerve Growth Factor 275(5) 70. Hemodialysis 280(2) 71. Restoration of Vision with Cataract and Retinal Surgery 282(3) 72. Understanding Retroviruses and the Treatment of AIDS 285(4) 73. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 289(2) 74. The Human Genome Project 291(3) 75. Gene Therapy 294(2) 76. The Electrocardiogram 296(2) 77. Mitochondrial Function and Disease 298(4) 78. Freud and the Realization of the Unconscious Mind 302(7) 79. Group and Family Therapy 309(3) 80. Twelve-Step Programs and the Treatment of Addictive Behavior 312(4) 81. Methadone Maintenance Treatment 316(2) 82. Treatment of Schizophrenia 318(7) 83. Treatment of Depression 325(9) 84. Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine by Claude Bernard, and the Protection of Experimental Subjects 334(5) 85. Tissue Culture 339(1) 86. Understanding Alcohol and Health 340(6) 87. Preprofessional Healthcare and the Development of Fee-for-Service 346(5) 88. Socialized Medicine 351(3) 89. Single-Payer Systems 354(3) 90. The Fight to Open Medicine to Women and Minorities 357(6) 91. Health Maintenance Organizations 363(2) 92. Preventive Medicine 365(3) 93. Refuse Disposal 368(2) 94. Recalled to Life by Physical and Occupational Therapy 370(6) 95. The Molecular Biology of Learning and Memory 376(2) 96. Neonatology and Gerontology 378(3) 97. In Vitro Fertilization and Blastocyst Selection 381(8) 98. Stein Cells and Regenerative Medicine 389(5) 99. Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trials 394(5) 100. Patient Advocacy 399(2) EPILOGUE 401(2) NOTES 403(12) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 415(4) INDEX 419