New Directions in Music

Preface v Introduction vii Art and Survival viii Ben Johnston Origins 1(16) An Overview of Tonality 1(2) Expanded Scale Resources 3(2) Extensions of Triadic Harmony 5(4) Musical Hierarchy 9(1) Vectoral Analysis Edgard Varese: Density 21.5 10(2) George Rochberg: No Center 12(5) Atonality and Serialism 17(16) Atonality and Pitch Class 17(1) Sets, Vectors, and Subsets 17(5) Serial Techniques 22(3) Combinatoriality 25(1) Integral Serialism 26(3) Vectoral Analysis Anton von Webern: Symphonie, op. 21 29(1) David Cope and Galen Wilson: An Interview with Pierre Boulez 30(3) Texturalism 33(16) Principles 33(2) Cluster Techniques 35(4) Rhythmic Developments 39(2) Vectoral Analysis Krzysztof Penderecki: Capriccio for Violin and Orchestra 41(2) David Felder and Mark Schneider: An Interview with Krzysztof Penderecki 43(6) Timbralism and Tuning 49(28) Traditional Instrument Exploration 49(10) New Instruments 59(5) Timbre and Spatial Modulation 64(2) Non-Western Influences 66(2) Microtones and Tuning Systems 68(3) Vectoral Analysis Peter Maxwell Davies: Eight Songs for a Mad King 71(2) Tom Everett: An Interview with Henry Brant 73(4) Indeterminacy 77(26) Improvisation 77(5) Indeterminacy 82(2) Composer Indeterminacy 84(1) Performer Indeterminacy 85(3) Composer and Performer Indeterminacy 88(6) Vectoral Analysis John Cage: Cartridge Music 94(2) David Cope: An Interview with John Cage 96(7) Experimentalism 103(28) Fundamentals 103(2) Danger Music 105(1) Conceptualism 106(3) Biomusic 109(1) Soundscapes 110(4) Multimedia, Mixed Media, and Intermedia 114(11) Virtual Reality and the Internet 125(1) Vectoral Analysis Pauline Oliveros: Sonic Meditation XIII 125(2) Morton Feldman: Between Categories 127(4) Electroacoustic Music 131(28) Background 131(3) Fundamental Concepts 134(2) Examples 136(9) Poeme electronique 145(2) Digital Electroacoustic Music 147(4) MIDI 151(3) Vectoral Analysis Jean-Claude Risset: Inharmonic Soundscapes 154(2) Andrew R. Brown: An Interview with Paul Lansky 156(3) Algorithmic Composition 159(24) Background 159(3) Expert Systems 162(4) Neural Networks 166(1) Mathematical Sources 167(1) Interactive Composition 167(1) Current Programs 168(6) Vectoral Analysis Iannis Xenakis: Atrees 174(5) John Cage, Lukas Foss, Iannis Xenakis: Short Answers to Difficult Questions 179(4) Minimalism 183(14) Sources 183(1) Minimalism 183(2) The New Tonality 185(3) Vectoral Analysis Philip Glass: Einstein on the Beach 188(2) Andrew R. Brown: An Interview with Steve Reich 190(7) Integration 197(14) Background 197(1) Synthesis 198(3) Quotation 201(2) Vectoral Analysis Luciano Berio: Sinfonia 203(3) David Felder: An Interview with Luciano Berio 206(3) Postlude 209(2) Appendix I 211(4) Glossary of Terms 211(4) Appendix II 215(6) Biographical Data 215(6) Appendix III 221(6) Notations 221(1) Introduction 221(1) Brief Bibliography 221(1) New Music Notations 222(5) Appendix IV 227(4) Source Addresses 227(1) Record Companies 227(1) Periodicals 227(1) Music Publishers 228(1) Hardware 229(1) Software 229(1) MIDI Organizations and Publications 230(1) Web Addresses (a few interesting websites) 230(1) Bibliography 231