Nomads and the Outside World Nomads and the Outside World Nomads and the Outside World

Foreword ix Ernest Gellner Acknowledgments xxvii Introduction to the second edition xxix Introduction The phenomenon of nomadism: myths and problems 1(14) Nomadism as a distinct form of food-producing economy 15(70) What is nomadism? 15(2) The basic forms of pastoralism 17(8) The species-composition of herds 25(3) Size of herds 28(5) Nature of the utilization of ecological zones 33(3) Character of pastoral migrations 36(2) Nature of the utilization of the products of pastoral economies and dietary systems 38(1) The main types of pastoral nomadism 39(29) Problems of balance and the non-autarky of the pastoral economy 68(17) The origins of pastoral nomadism 85(34) The social preconditions of the relations between nomads and the outside world 119(79) Native model, theoretical model and reality 119(4) The problem of ownership in nomadic societies 123(3) Family, household and community in nomadic societies 126(12) Kinship and descent in nomadic societies 138(6) Segmentary systems in nomadic societies 144(4) The upper levels of sociopolitical organization in nomadic societies 148(4) Property-inequality and social differentiation in nomadic societies 152(12) Nomadic chiefdoms 164(5) The theme and its variations 169(29) Modes of nomadic adaptation to the outside world 198(30) Sedentarization 198(4) Trade and mediatory trade 202(10) Submission and the different forms of the dependence of nomads on sedentary societies 212(10) Subjugation, and the different forms of the dependence of sedentary societies on nomads 222(6) Nomads and the state 228(75) Nomadic statehood and the conditions of its emergence 228(3) Main types and tendencies of the emergence and evolution of nomadic statehood 231(2) The Eurasian steppes, semi-deserts and deserts 233(30) The Middle East 263(11) The Near East 274(16) East Africa 290(5) Conclusions 295(8) By way of a conclusion: the outside world and nomads 303(69) Abbreviations 305(2) Bibliography 307(49) Works in languages other than Russian 307(24) Works in Russian 331(25) Bibliography to the second edition 356(16) Works in western languages 356(13) Works in Russian 369(3) Index 372