Peace and Conflict Studies

Foreword to the Series xi Chadwick F. Alger Foreword xiii John W. Burton Preface xv Introduction 1(1) The Framework of the Book 2(5) PART I: MEANINGS, CONCEPTS AND DISCOURSE Challenges for Peace 7(12) Visions of Peace 7(3) Historical Experiences 10(2) Culture and Social Values 12(2) Continuity and Discontinuity 14(2) Zones of Instability 16(3) Concepts of Peace and Violence 19(12) Direct and Structural Violence 19(4) Cultural Violence 23(1) Negative and Positive Peace 23(6) Holistic Conceptions of Peace 29(2) Conflict Analysis 31(8) Structural Conditions 31(2) Conflict and Social Order 33(1) Traditional Management Strategies 34(1) Dispute Settlement and Conflict Resolution 35(2) Conflict Transformation and Peace Building 37(2) Peace Research 39(14) Social Environment 39(2) Evolution of Peace Research 41(2) Nature of Peace Research 43(1) Methods for Inquiry 44(2) Epistemological Foundations 46(1) Policy Orientation 47(1) Levels of Analysis 48(5) PART II: ISSUES Understanding War 53(12) Nature of War 53(3) Human Costs of War 56(2) Types of War 58(2) Post-Colonial Context 60(2) Just War Theory 62(3) Sources of Social Conflict 65(10) Human Nature and Violence 65(2) Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis 67(1) Psychoanalytic Perspectives 68(1) Relative Deprivation 69(1) Basic Needs 70(1) Identity Formation 71(2) Conflict Dynamics in Divided Societies 73(2) Feminist Understandings of Violence 75(12) Violence against Women 75(1) Construction of Gender Identities 76(2) Masculine and Feminine Values 78(1) Patriarchy and Domination 79(1) Feminist Critique of the World Order 80(1) Women and the Military 81(1) Shared Goals of Peace and Feminism 82(2) Reconceptualisation of Security 84(3) Political Economy 87(8) Economic Disparities 87(1) Free Market Economy and Class Relations 88(1) International Capitalism and War 89(2) Economic Integration and Globalisation 91(1) Social Transition 92(3) Environmental Concerns 95(14) Changes in the Environmental System 96(3) Population Growth 99(2) Tragedy of the Commons 101(1) Resource Scarcity and Conflict 102(1) Environmental Security 103(6) PART III: STRATEGIES FOR PEACE Control of Military Power 109(58) Balance of Power 109(6) Collective Security 115(9) Peace Keeping Operations 124(11) Humanitarian Intervention 135(6) Non-Provocative Defence 141(5) Civilian Based Defence 146(1) Confidence Building 147(3) Disarmament and Arms Control 150(11) Peace Conversion 161(6) Conflict Resolution and Management 167(38) Negotiation 168(4) Good Offices 172(1) Enquiry 173(2) Arbitration 175(2) Judicial Settlement 177(2) Conciliation 179(1) Mediation 180(6) Problem Solving Workshop 186(4) Second Track Diplomacy 190(2) Reconciliation 192(1) Post-Conflict Reconstruction 193(4) Preventive Diplomacy and Intervention 197(5) Early Warning Systems 202(1) A Final Note 203(2) Human Rights 205(18) Human Rights Abuses 205(2) Connections to Peace 207(1) Three Generations of Human Rights Movements 208(3) Development of Principles and Norms 211(2) Conventions in Specific Categories 213(3) Implementation of Human Rights Policy 216(3) State Sovereignty and Human Rights Protection 219(1) Regional Experiences 220(1) Nongovernmental Organisations and Grassroots Struggle 221(2) Self-Determination 223(18) Basic Principles 223(2) Historical Context 225(2) The Basis of Claims for Self-Determination 227(1) Democratic Ideals and States 228(1) Autonomy of Minority Groups and Indigenous Peoples 229(1) State and National Boundaries 230(1) Failure of Nation-State Building 231(1) Multi-Ethnic State 232(1) Methods for Reducing Intergroup Tension 233(7) A Final Note 240(1) Development 241(26) Modernisation 241(2) A Growth-Oriented Development Model 243(1) International Economic Imbalance 244(1) Dependency Theories 245(2) Import Substituting Industrialisation 247(1) The New International Economic Order 248(3) Structural Adjustment 251(2) Human Centred Development 253(1) Endogenous Development 254(1) Self-Reliance 255(2) Empowerment and Grassroots Strategies 257(1) Urban Informal Sectors 258(1) Women's Struggle for Survival 259(2) Meanings of Development 261(1) Development Discourse and Power 262(1) A Final Note 263(4) Environmental Politics 267(26) Building Global Consensus 267(2) International Policies 269(6) Management of the Global Commons 275(4) Free Trade and the Environment 279(1) International Organisations and Coordination 280(2) Nongovernmental Organisations 282(3) Struggles in Indigenous Communities 285(3) Sustainable Development 288(2) Prospects for Future Cooperation 290(3) Global Order and Governance 293(26) Origins of a Sovereign State System 293(1) Realism and Neorealism 294(2) Transnational Relations: Actors and Process 296(1) International Regimes 297(2) Functionalism 299(2) Neofunctionalism 301(8) World Government 309(4) Anarchism 313(2) Global Civil Society 315(1) A Final Note 316(3) Nonviolence 319(18) Meanings 319(2) Traditions 321(2) Nonviolence Theory on Power 323(1) Moral and Political Principles 324(3) Nonviolence Principles of Social Life 327(2) Technique Approach 329(3) Nonviolent Direct Action 332(1) Justification of Nonviolent Methods 333(4) Peace Movements 337(30) History of Peace Movements 337(10) Building a Popular Base for Nuclear Disarmament 347(4) Innovations in Anti-Intervention Movements 351(1) Community Peace Activities 352(1) Politics of Peace Movements 353(1) Issues and Strategies 354(2) Organisational Bases and Structure 356(2) Major Characteristics of Peace Movements 358(1) Peace Movements in Developing Countries 359(2) Commitment and Motivation 361(1) A Final Note 362(5) PART IV: INTEGRATION Applications and Future Directions 367(12) Challenges and Paradigm Shift 367(1) Designing a Peace System 368(2) Structural Change 370(1) Personal Transformation 371(2) Reweaving Relations 373(1) Future Directions 373(6) Bibliography 379(22) Index 401