Peoples and Cultures of Asia

Preface vii PART I The Anthropology of Asia Introduction to Asia 1(13) Raymond Scupin Prevalent Stereotypes of Asia 1(2) Anthropology: An Interdisciplinary Perspective 3(2) The Concept of Culture 5(3) Anthropological Vocabulary and Kinship 8(3) Why Study Asia? 11(2) Notes 13(1) PART II Southwest and South Asia Afghanistan 14(89) H. Sidky Deborah S. Akers Introduction 14(3) Geographic Setting 17(2) Prehistory 19(2) History 21(8) The Great Game and Colonial Intervention 27(2) Demographic Patterns 29(2) Effects of the War on Demographic Patterns 30(1) Economic Patterns 31(4) Pastoralism 31(2) Agro-Pastoral Production 33(1) War Economy: Drugs and Contraband 34(1) Ethnic Groups 35(3) Ethnicity 38(1) Language and Linguistic Patterns 38(2) Family and Society 40(1) The Tribal System 41(2) Gender Issues 43(16) Effects of the War on Gender Roles 44(15) Islam in Afghanistan 59(1) Political Evolution of the Modern Afghan State 60(20) The Afghan State and Foreign Aid 65(1) Cold War Rivalries and Afghanistan 65(2) The New Democracy and the Nature of the Afghan State 67(1) The New Urban Elite and the State 68(2) Marxist Revolutionaries and Popular Uprisings: The Road to War 70(3) Soviet Military Intervention: How Afghanistan Became a Cold War Battlefield 73(1) Proxy Wars, Jihad, and Islamization in Retrospect 73(5) The Mujahideen in Retrospect 78(2) The Taliban 80(8) Osama Bin Laden and Afghanistan 88(3) Recent Trends: After the Taliban 91(1) Notes 92(11) India 103(40) Anne Hardgrove Geography 103(3) Prehistory 106(3) Language 109(2) History and Politics 111(13) British Colonialism in India 114(6) Mahatma Gandhi and Indian Nationalism 120(2) The End of British Rule 122(1) Post-Colonial India 123(1) Demography, Economy, and Rural-Urban Differences 124(1) Social Life, Family Descent Groups, Kinship, and Gender 125(4) Religion 129(9) Hinduism in Modern Times 129(3) Religion in Historical Perspective 132(6) Current Trends 138(3) Notes 141(2) Pakistan 143(42) Anita M. Weiss Introduction 143(3) Ethnic and Linguistic Landscapes and Political Foundations 146(13) Language, Ethnicity, and Social Life 149(10) Family and Gender Relations 159(9) Religious Life 168(7) Society and Politics in Flux Today 175(6) Notes 181(4) PART III East Asia China 185(45) Pamela A. DeVoe Geography 185(2) Chinese Paleoanthropology and Prehistory 187(1) Chinese---A Matter of Communication 188(4) Development of a Standard Spoken Chinese 189(1) Chinese Script 190(2) Social Mobility: Education and Achieved Status 192(2) The Historical Period 194(13) From the Beginning: Continuity and Change 194(8) The Historical Present 202(5) Social Structure 207(8) Family 209(4) Non-Kin Personal Relationships 213(2) Ethnicity 215(5) Multiethnic China 216(1) China's Minorities Policy 217(1) The Muslim Minority in China 218(1) Tibetan Minorities 219(1) The Chinese Religious Experience 220(5) Daoism 220(2) Buddhism 222(1) Confucian Traditions 223(1) Contemporary Religious Issues 224(1) Notes 225(5) Japan 230(49) John L. McCreery Ruth S. McCreery The Road Ahead 232(1) Encountering Japan 233(21) A Constantly Changing Landscape 234(1) Taking a Longer View 235(3) The Japanese Urban Experience 238(3) The Japanese House 241(3) The Suburbs 244(2) Who, Then, Are the Japanese? 246(8) Explaining Japan 254(10) The Most Alien Enemy 254(1) Taking One's Proper Station 255(1) The Japanese Are Not Chinese 256(1) The Vertical Society 257(1) Frames versus Attributes: Japan versus India 257(1) The Household as Model 258(1) Even in Modern Japan 259(1) Two Very Similar Japans 260(1) From Stories to Selves 261(2) Situated Listening 263(1) Changing Japan 264(11) The Enduring Conservative Legacy 264(1) Economic Ups and Downs 265(2) The Most Inescapable Fact 267(1) Modernization Taken to the Limit 268(1) Men Slipping into the Shadows 268(1) Relations between Generations 269(1) Suburban Life in Japan 270(1) From Idol to Idiot: The Japanese Salaryman 271(1) Liberated for What? 271(1) What's Love Got to Do with It? 272(1) What's Happening to the Kids? 273(1) Growing Old in an Aging Japan 273(1) Beyond the Middle Class 274(1) Geography Also Makes a Difference 275(1) Coming to the End of Our Journey 275(1) Notes 275(4) Korea (North and South) 279(56) Clark Sorensen Geography 279(3) Prehistory 282(4) Early Paleolithic 282(1) Middle and Late Paleolithic 283(1) Neolithic 283(1) Megalithic 284(1) Iron Age Korea 285(1) Language 286(2) History 288(16) Earliest States 288(1) The Founding of the Indigenous Three Kingdoms 289(1) Three Kingdoms Period 290(1) United Silla 291(1) Koryo 292(3) Choson 295(2) The Great Han Empire 297(1) Japanese Protectorate 298(1) Japanese Colony 298(1) Liberation, Division, and Occupation 299(1) The Korean War 300(1) Politics and Development in South Korea 300(3) North Korea 303(1) Contemporary Culture 304(27) Demography 304(2) Economy 306(4) Social Life 310(5) Issues of Ethnicity 315(2) Political Issues 317(3) Religion 320(7) Current Trends 327(2) Security and the Nuclear Issue 329(2) Notes 331(4) PART IV Southeast Asia Mainland Southeast Asia 335(49) Raymond Scupin Geography and Ecology 335(2) Language 337(2) Paleoanthropology and Prehistory 339(1) The Historical Period 340(6) Vietnam: The Sinicized Cultural Region 344(2) Western Impact and Colonialism 346(6) The Rise of Nationalism, Independence, and Revolution 349(3) Post-World War II Nationalism, Independence, and Revolutionary Movements 352(4) The Indochina War 353(2) The Killing Fields 355(1) Postcolonial Contemporary Developments 356(2) Demography and the Economy 358(4) Social Structure, the Family, and Gender 362(4) Ethnic Relations 366(7) Buddhism 373(5) Notes 378(6) Island Southeast Asia 384(39) Ronald Lukens-Bull Geography 384(2) Prehistory 386(2) Language 388(1) Historical Influences 389(10) Indianization 389 Islamization 371(22) Political Theory in the Precolonial Period 393(2) Non-Islamic Southeast Asia on the Dawn of Colonialism 395(1) Western Colonialism 395(3) Postcolonial History 398(1) Contemporary Culture 399(9) Economics 400(2) Kinship and Gender 402(1) Childrearing 403(3) Ethnicity Issues 406(2) Tribal Peoples of Southeast Asia 408(7) Contemporary Islam 409(4) Contemporary Christianity 413(1) Southeast Asian Hinduism: Bali 414(1) Contemporary Animist Religions 414(1) Current Trends 415(3) Economic Crisis 415(1) Political Crisis 416(1) Terrorism 417(1) The Tsunami 418(1) Notes 419(4) Contributors 423(4) Photo Credits 427(2) Index 429