Physical Hydrology

Preface ix Introduction to Hydrologic Science 1(6) Definition and Scope of Hydrology 1(1) Development of Scientific Hydrology 1(4) Approach and Scope of This Book 5(2) Basic Hydrologic Concepts 7(29) Physical Quantities and Laws 7(1) Hydrologic Systems 7(1) The Conservation Equations 8(2) The Watershed (Drainage Basin) 10(1) Definition 10(1) Delineation 10(1) The Regional Water Balance 11(6) The Water-Balance Equation 12(1) Estimation of Regional Evapotranspiration 13(4) Spatial Variability 17(1) Temporal Variability 18(4) Time Series 18(2) Duration Curves 20(2) Storage, Storage Effects, and Residence Time 22(3) Storage 22(1) Storage Effects 23(1) Residence Time 24(1) Hydrologic Modeling 25(11) What is a Model? 25(1) Purposes of Models 26(1) Types of Models 27(1) The Modeling Process 27(5) The BROOK90 Model 32(1) Final Words of Caution 33(3) Climate, the Hydrologic Cycle, Soils, and Vegetation: A Global Overview 36(58) Basic Aspects of Global Climate 36(12) The Energy Budget of the Earth 36(3) Latitudinal Energy Transfer 39(2) The General Circulation and the Distribution of Pressure and Temperature 41(3) Teleconnections: El Nino and the Southern Oscillation 44(4) The Global Hydrologic Cycle 48(35) Stocks and Fluxes in the Global Cycle 48(1) Distribution of Precipitation 49(6) Distribution of Evapotranspiration 55(6) Distribution of Runoff 61(3) Continental Water Balances 64(1) Major Rivers and Lakes 64(1) Material Transport by Rivers 64(8) Your Role in the Global Hydrologic Cycle 72(1) Climate Change and the Hydrologic Cycle 73(10) Climate, Soils, an