Power Sources and Supplies : World Class Designs

Preface ix About the Editor xi About the Contributors xiii An Introduction to the Linear Regulator 1(12) Basic Linear Regulator Operation 2(1) General Linear Regulator Considerations 3(3) Linear Power Supply Design Examples 6(7) Basic Switching Circuits 13(16) Energy Storage Basics 14(1) Buck Converter 15(2) Boost Converter 17(2) Inverting Boost Converter 19(1) Buck-Boost Converter 19(1) Transformer Isolated Converters 20(3) Synchronous Rectification 23(2) Charge Pumps 25(4) DC-DC Converter Design and Magnetics 29(64) DC Transfer Functions 31(1) The DC Level and the ``Swing'' of the Inductor Current Waveform 32(3) Defining the AC, DC, and Peak Currents 35(2) Understanding the AC, DC and Peak Currents 37(2) Defining the ``Worst-case'' Input Voltage 39(3) The Current Ripple Ratio r 42(1) Relating r to the Inductance 43(1) The Optimum Value of r 44(1) Do We Mean Inductor? or Inductance? 45(1) How Inductance and Inductor Size Depend on Frequency 46(1) How Inductance and Inductor Size Depend on Load Current 47(1) How Vendors Specify the Current Rating of an Off-the-shelf Inductor and How to Select it 47(2) What is the Inductor Current Rating We Need to Consider for a Given Application? 49(3) The Spread and Tolerance of the Current Limit 52(3) Worked Example (1) 55(12) Worked Examples (2, 3, and 4) 67(5) Worked Example (5)---When Not to Increase the Number of Turns 72(5) Worked Example (6)---Characterizing an Off-the-shelf Inductor in a Specific Application 77(7) Calculating the ``Other'' Worst-case Stresses 84(9) Control Circuits 93(24) Basic Control Circuits 94(3) The Error Amplifier 97(1) Error Amplifier Compensation 98(4) A Representative Voltage Mode PWM Controller 102(5) Current Mode Control 107(2) A Representative Current Mode PWM Controller 109(4) Charge Pump Circuits 113(3) Multiple Phase PWM Controllers 116(1) Resonant Mode Controllers 116(1) Non-isolated Circuits 117(32) General Design Method 118(1) Buck Converter Designs 118(9) Boost Converter Designs 127(6) Inverting Designs 133(4) Step Up/Step Down (Buck/Boost) Designs 137(4) Charge Pump Designs 141(4) Layout Considerations 145(4) Transformer-isolated Circuits 149(48) Feedback Mechanisms 150(7) Flyback Circuits 157(6) Practical Flyback Circuit Design 163(1) Off-Line Flyback Example 163(7) Non-isolated Flyback Example 170(4) Forward Converter Circuits 174(1) Practical Forward Converter Design 175(1) Off-Line Forward Converter Example 176(4) Non-isolated Forward Converter Example 180(4) Push-Pull Circuits 184(1) Practical Push-Pull Circuit Design 185(4) Half Bridge Circuits 189(2) Practical Half Bridge Circuit Design 191(3) Full Bridge Circuits 194(3) Power Semiconductors 197(50) Introduction 197(1) Power Diodes and Thyristors 198(17) Gate Turn-off Thyristors 215(2) Bipolar Power Transistors 217(9) Power MOSFETs 226(11) Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) 237(2) MOS Controlled Thyristor (MCT) 239(8) References 241(2) Bibliography 243(4) Conduction and Switching Losses 247(32) Switching a Resistive Load 248(5) Switching an Inductive Load 253(3) Switching Losses and Conduction Loss 256(1) A Simplified Model of the MOSFET for Studying Inductive Switching Losses 257(2) The Parasitic Capacitances Expressed in an Alternate System 259(2) Gate Threshold Voltage 261(1) The Turn-on Transition 261(3) The Turn-off Transition 264(2) Gate Charge Factors 266(3) Worked Example 269(4) Applying the Switching Loss Analysis to Switching Topologies 273(1) Worst-case Input Voltage for Switching Losses 274(1) How Switching Losses Vary with the Parasitic Capacitances 275(2) Optimizing Driver Capability vis-a-vis MOSFET Characteristics 277(2) Power Factor Correction 279(16) How Power Factor and Harmonics are Specified 284(2) A Universal Input, 180W, Active Power Factor Correction Circuit 286(9) Off-line Converter Design and Magnetics 295(50) Flyback Converter Magnetics 296(23) Forward Converter Magnetics 319(26) A ``True Sine Wave'' Inverter Design Example 345(20) Design Requirements 346(1) Design Description 346(6) Preregulator Detailed Design 352(4) Output Converter Detailed Design 356(2) H Bridge Detailed Design 358(3) Bridge Drive Detailed Design 361(4) Thermal Analysis and Design 365(12) Developing the Thermal Model 366(2) Power Packages on a Heatsink (to-3, to-220, to-218, etc.) 368(1) Power Packages Not on a Heatsink (Free Standing) 369(1) Radial-leaded Diodes 370(1) Surface Mount Parts 371(1) Examples of Some Thermal Applications 372(5) Index 377