Pumps as Turbines : A User's Guide

FOREWORD v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi INTRODUCTION vii DIAGRAM OF PUMP COMPONENTS x 1. Applications for pumps as turbines 1(1) 2. Why use a pump as a turbine? 2(6) Using a direct drive pump as turbine 2(1) Suitable range of site heads and flows 3(3) Overcoming the limitations of using a pump as turbine 6(2) 3. Choice of pump type 8(8) Pump types and suitability 8(3) Choice of pump quality 11(2) Choice of pump seal type 13(1) Choice of pump speed 14(1) Understanding pump sizes 14(2) 4. Pump and turbine performance curves 16(7) Understanding pump as pump performance curves 16(4) Obtaining the best efficiency point with limited data 20(1) Understanding pump as turbine performance curves 20(3) 5. Design of the civil works 23(5) Intake requirements 23(1) Design of penstock 24(2) Valves 26(1) Pump as turbine outlet 27(1) 6. Design of the electrical system 28(5) Choice of generator type and number of phases 28(1) Generator speeds 29(2) Control of the electrical output 31(2) 7. Selecting a pump as turbine for a particular site 33(7) Matching a pump as turbine to site conditions 33(3) Test procedure 36(2) Checking generator power output 38(2) 8. Operation of a pump as turbine 40(5) Operation of a pump as turbine at site 40(3) Adjustments to a pump as turbine after installation 43(2) 9. Scheme case studies 45(10) The civil works 46(1) Selecting the pump 47(2) Specifying the generator 49(2) Installation, testing and modification 51(1) Case study in Karnataka, India 52(3) APPENDICES 55(13) A. Pump as turbine operation at reduced flow B. Parallel operation of pumps as turbines 56(3) C. Syphon intake for intermittent operation 59(1) D. Typical efficiencies of induction motors 60(1) E. Unit conversion for head and flow 61(1) F. Estimating pump performance from physical measurements 62(3) G. Calculating safe wall thickness for steel pipe 65(1) H. Selecting penstock diameter and calculating head loss 66(2) FURTHER READING 68(1) INDEX 69