Punishment and Social Structure

Tables vii Introduction to the Transaction Edition ix Foreword xlvii Thorsten Sellin Preface li Introduction 3(5) Social Conditions and Penal Administration in the Later Middle Ages 8(16) Penance and Fines Social Developments in the Middle Ages Criminal Law and the Rise of Capitalism Mercantilism and the Rise of Imprisonment 24(29) The Labor Market and the State Stages in the Treatment of the Poor The Rise of the House of Correction Changes in the Form of Punishment 53(19) The Galley The Early History of the Transportation of Criminals The Evolution of the Prison System Developments in Criminal Theory and Law During the Age of Enlightenment 72(12) Social and Penal Consequences of the Industrial Revolution 84(30) The End of the Mercantilist Social Policy The Increase in Crime and Its Effects on the Theory and Practice of Punishment New Aims and Methods of Prison Administration The New Attitude toward Prison Labor The Abolition of Transportation 114(13) Transportation to Australia Transportation in Other Countries The Failure of Solitary Confinement 127(11) Solitary Confinement in the United States Solitary Confinement in Europe Modern Prison Reform and Its Limits 138(28) Rising Living Standards of the Lower Classes and the Effects on Criminal Policy Results and Limits of Prison Reform The World War Post-War Conditions The Fine in Recent Penal Practice 166(11) New Trends in Penal Policy Under Fascism 177(16) Penal Policy and Crime Rate 193(13) Conclusion 206(3) Notes 209(48) Index 257