Radar System Performance Modeling

Preface xiii Introduction 1(10) This Book and How to Use It 1(2) Concept of Radar Operation 3(1) Radar Applications and Functions 4(1) Functional Models 5(1) Custom Radar Functions 6(3) Problems 9(2) References 9(1) Selected Bibliography 9(2) Radar Configurations 11(10) Radar Basing 11(2) Frequency Bands 13(2) Antenna Types 15(1) Waveform Types 16(1) Signal Processing Techniques 17(2) Monostatic and Bistatic Radar 19(1) Problems 19(2) References 20(1) Selected Bibliography 20(1) Radar Analysis Parameters 21(24) Transmitter 21(2) Antennas 23(7) Phased-Array Antennas 30(5) Receiver and Signal Processor 35(2) Target Radar Cross Section 37(4) Problems 41(4) References 42(1) Selected Bibliography 43(2) Radar Waveforms 45(18) Waveform Characteristics 46(3) CW Pulses 49(2) Linear FM Pulses 51(3) Phase-Coded Waveforms 54(2) Pulse-Burst Waveforms 56(3) Multiple-Time-Around Returns 59(1) Radial-Velocity Ambiguities 60(1) Problems 60(3) References 62(1) Selected Bibliography 62(1) The Radar Equation 63(24) Radar Range Equation 63(4) Parameter Definition in the Radar Equation 67(3) Reference Range 70(1) Pulse Integration 71(5) Minimum Range Constraint 76(3) Problems 79(1) VBA Software Functions for the Radar Equation 80(7) Function SNR_dB 80(1) Function Range_km 81(2) Function Integrated_SNR_dB 83(1) Function SP_SNR_dB 83(2) References 85(1) Selected Bibliography 86(1) Radar Detection 87(22) The Detection Process 87(2) False Alarms 89(3) Detection Using a Single Pulse or Coherent Dwell 92(3) Detection Using Noncoherent Integration 95(3) Cumulative Detection 98(3) Problems 101(1) VBA Software Functions for Radar Detection 102(7) Function Pfa_Factor 102(1) Function FArate_per_s 103(1) Function ProbDet_Factor 103(2) Function SNR_SP_dB 105(1) References 106(1) Selected Bibliography 106(3) Radar Search Modes 109(56) The Search Equation 109(2) Rotating Search Radar 111(5) Volume Search with Phased-Array Radar 116(7) Cued Search 123(5) Horizon Search with Phased-Array Radar 128(2) Horizon Search with Dish Radar 130(3) Problems 133(2) VBA Software Functions for Radar Search Modes 135(30) Function SearchR_Rot1_km 135(2) Function SearchR_Rot2_km 137(2) Function SearchR_Vol1_km 139(3) Function SearchR_Vol2_km 142(3) Function SearchR_Cue1_km 145(2) Function SearchR_Cue2_km 147(4) Function SearchR_Hor1_km 151(3) Function SearchR_Hor2_km 154(3) Function Sr_BowTie1_km 157(2) Function Sr_BowTie2_km 159(2) References 161(2) Selected Bibliography 163(2) Radar Measurement and Tracking 165(30) Range Measurement Accuracy 167(2) Angular Measurement Accuracy 169(3) Velocity Measurement Accuracy 172(2) Measurement of Target Features 174(4) Multiradar Measurements 178(2) Measurement Smoothing and Tracking 180(2) Radar Tracking Techniques 182(1) Problems 183(2) VBA Software Functions for Radar Measurement and Tracking 185(10) Function RangeError_m 185(1) Function AngleError_mR 186(2) Function DopVelError_mps 188(1) Function RadVelError_mps 189(1) Function CrossVelError_mps 190(1) Function PredictError_km 191(2) References 193(1) Selected Bibliography 193(2) Environment and Mitigation Techniques 195(32) Terrain and Sea-Surface Effects 195(6) Precipitation Effects 201(4) Troposphere Effects 205(4) Ionosphere Effects 209(4) Problems 213(2) VBA Software Functions for Environment and Mitigation Techniques 215(12) Function SCR_Surf_dB 215(1) Function RainLocAtten_dBpkm 215(1) RainPathAtten_dB 216(2) Function SCR_Rain_dB 218(1) Function TropoAtten_dB 219(1) Function TropoEl_Err_mR 220(1) Function TropoR_Err_m 221(1) Function IonoEl_Err_mR 222(1) Function IonoR_Err_m 222(2) References 224(1) Selected Bibliography 224(3) Radar Countermeasures and Counter-Countermeasures 227(36) Radar Countermeasure Summary 228(3) Mainlobe Jamming 231(6) Sidelobe Jamming 237(4) Volume Chaff 241(4) Decoy Discrimination 245(3) Problems 248(1) VBA Software Functions for Radar Countermeasures and Counter-Countermeasures 249(14) Function DiscProb_Factor 249(1) Function ML_SJNR_dB 250(1) Function ML_BTRange_km 251(3) Function SL_SJNR_dB 254(2) Function SL_BTRange_km 256(3) Function SCR_Chaff_dB 259(3) References 262(1) Selected Bibliography 262(1) Airborne and Space-Based Radar Issues 263(24) Radar Configurations 264(2) Clutter Characteristics 266(3) Pulse-Doppler Processing 269(2) Displaced Phase Center Arrays (DPCA) 271(2) Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) 273(1) Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) 274(5) Problems 279(1) VBA Software Functions for Airborne and SBR 280(7) Function Graz_Ang_deg 280(1) Function Dep_Ang_deg 281(1) Function MB_Clutter_V_mps 282(1) Function SAR_XR_Res_m 283(2) References 285(1) Selected Bibliography 285(2) Radar Performance Modeling Techniques and Examples 287(24) Methodology 287(2) False-Alarm Probability Optimization 289(3) Cumulative Detection over Long Periods 292(3) Cued Search Using a Dish Radar 295(5) Composite Measurement Errors 300(4) Detection in Jamming, Chaff, and Noise 304(4) Problems 308(3) References 309(1) Selected Bibliography 310(1) Appendix A List of Symbols 311(8) Appendix B Glossary 319(4) Appendix C Custom Radar Software Functions 323(5) Reference 328(1) Appendix D Unit Conversion 329(2) References 331(2) Appendix E Problem Solutions 333(30) Appendix F Self Test 363(18) About the Author 381(4) Index 385