Reading Writing Lakota Language : Lakota Lyapi UN Wowapi

Foreword xi Vine Deloria, Jr. Editor's Preface xiii Introduction 1(1) Divisions within the Sioux Nation 1(2) History of the Written Language 3(1) History of a Lakota-Developed Orthography 3(3) Proper Pronunciation 6(1) Sentence Structure and Philosophy 7(1) Christian Influences 8(1) The Rise of the Reservation Subculture 9(1) Controversy 10(1) Conclusion 10(2) Wounspe Tokahe (The First Teaching) 12(14) Guidelines for Learning Pronunciation and Spelling 12(1) An Introduction to the Lakota Alphabet System 12(1) Lakota Basic Vowels 13(1) Lakota Greetings 14(1) ``Cousin'' Terms 15(1) Examples of Greetings 16(1) Wicasa/Winyan 17(1) Kola 18(1) Introduction to Gender Endings 18(2) Gender Endings 20(1) Numbers 1-5 20(1) Introduction to Dialogue 21(1) Otehi 21(1) Instructions in Lakota with Lakota Responses 22(1) Slowaye Sni versus Owakahnige Sni 23(1) Wounspe Tokahe Summary 24(2) Wounspe ICI Nupa (The Second Teaching) 26(15) Lakota Nasal Vowels 26(1) Vocabulary for Lakota Nasal Vowels 27(1) Ohan: Lena ohan yo!/ye! 27(1) Inyan: The Creation Story 27(1) Tiospaye 28(1) Greeting Review 28(1) Cekiciyapi: They are addressing each other as relatives 29(1) Introduction Drill 30(1) Numbers 1-10 30(1) Guidelines for M and N in Conjunction with Lakota Basic Vowels 31(1) Guidelines for B and P in Conjunction with Lakota Nasal Vowels 31(1) Introduction to Conjugation 32(3) Tipi 35(1) Speaking English in Lakota 35(1) Introduction to Simple Sentences 35(2) Time References 37(1) Wounspe Ici Nupa Summary 38(3) Wounspe Ici Yamni (The Third Teaching) 41(15) Consonants with English Sounds 41(1) Vocabulary for Consonants with English Sounds 42(1) Consonant Clusters 42(2) Numbers 11-20 44(2) Ki 46(1) Mitakuye oyas in: ``All my relatives'' 46(1) Wacekiyapi: ``They address all Creation as relatives'' 47(1) Acknowledging Spouses, Parents, and Children 47(1) Terms for Spouse 48(2) The Root Word Hca 50(1) Conjugation of Wa Verbs (continued) 50(2) Changeable Vowels 52(1) Verbs that Contain a Changeable Vowel 52(1) Wounspe Ici Yamni Summary 53(3) Wounspe Ici Topa: Review (The Fourth Teaching: Review) 56(8) Letters Learned in Wounspe Ici Tokahe through Wounspe Ici Yamni 56(1) Pronunciation of Lakota Basic Vowels, Lakota Nasal Vowels, and Consonants without Diacritics 56(1) Relative Terms and Greetings 56(1) Introductions 57(1) Dialogue 57(1) Gender Endings 57(1) Numbers 58(1) Guidelines for M and N, and B and P 58(1) Vocabulary 58(2) Conjugation of Wa Verbs 60(1) Sentence Structure 61(1) Time Reference 61(1) Changeable Verbs 62(1) Discussion 63(1) Wounpse Ici Zaptan: Quiz (The Fifth Teaching: Quiz) 64(2) Wounspe Ici Sakpe (The Sixth Teaching) 66(15) Introduction to Diacritics 66(1) The Letters C, C, and C' 67(1) Vocabulary for the Letters C, C, and C' 67(1) Dialogue Review 68(1) Siblings 69(1) Wicasa Terms for Siblings 70(1) Winyan Terms for Siblings 71(1) Misuse of Traditions 72(1) Numbers 21-30 72(2) Sentence Structure Review 74(2) Conjugation of Wa Verbs Review 76(1) Creating Complex Sentences 76(2) Pronouns ka/kana, he/hena, le/lena 78(1) Wounspe Ici Sakpe Summary 79(2) Wounspe Ici Sakowin (The Seventh Teaching) 81(16) The Letters G, G, H, H, and H' 81(1) Vocabulary for the Letters G, G, H, H, and H' 82(1) Simple Greetings and Dialogue 83(1) Numbers 40-100 84(2) Stative Verbs and the Pronoun Ma 86(1) Ma Verbs 87(1) Stages of Life 88(2) Parts of the Body 90(1) The Verbs Mahan and Mayuh'i 91(1) ``Indian Time'' 92(1) Seasons, Weeks, and Days 93(1) Wounspe Ici Sakowin Summary 94(3) Wounspe Ici Saglogan (The Eighth Teaching) 97(15) The Letter J, K, K, K, K' 97(1) Vocabulary for the Letters J, K, K, K, K' 98(1) Dialogue Review 99(1) Cekiciyapi: They are addressing each other as relatives 99(1) Lakota Tiospaye System: The Extended Family 100(2) Tiospaye Summary 102(1) Pronouns ka/kana, he/hena, le/lena 103(1) Expressing Time: Review 104(1) Specific Time References 104(3) Questioning 107(1) Asking a Question 107(3) Wounspe Ici Saglogan Summary 110(2) Wounspe Ici Napciyunka: Review (The Ninth Teaching: Review) 112(9) Letters learned in Wounspe Ici Tokahe-Wounspe Ici Yamni 112(1) Letters learned in Wounspe Ici Sakpe-Wounspe Ici Napciyunka 112(1) Tiospaye 113(1) Dialogue and Greetings 113(1) Numbers 1-100 114(1) Vocabulary 114(1) Conjugation of Wa Verbs 115(1) Creating Complex Sentences Using the Verb Cin 115(1) Wa Verbs 115(1) The Pronoun Ma 116(1) Ma Verbs 117(1) Stages of Life 117(1) Parts of the Body 117(1) Pronouns ka/kana, le/lena, he/hena 118(1) Expressing Time 118(1) Specific Time References 119(1) Asking a Question 120(1) Discussion Review 120(1) Wounspe Ici Wikcemna: Quiz (The Tenth Teaching: Quiz) 121(3) Wounspe Ici Ake Wanji (The Eleventh Teaching) 124(13) The Letters P,P,P, and P' 124(1) Vocabulary for the Letters P,P,P, and P' 124(1) Relative Terms Review 125(1) Dialogue Review 126(1) The Weather 127(2) Blu Verbs 129(2) Time 131(1) Maza skanskan tona huwo?/he? 131(2) Food 133(2) Wounspe Ici Ake Wanji Summary 135(2) Wounspe Ici Ake Nupa (The Twelfth Teaching) 137(16) The Letters S,S,'S, and S' 137(1) Vocabulary for the Letters S,S',S, and S' 137(1) In-Law Relatives 138(1) Relative Terms: Addressing Your Spouse's Relatives 139(1) The In-Laws 140(1) Dialogue Review 141(1) Dialogue for Relative Terms 142(1) Wamakaskan 143(1) Numbers 101-1000 144(2) Clothing Terms 146(1) Bla Verbs 147(1) Bla and Blu Verbs 148(1) Wica 149(1) Irregular Verbs 150(1) Wounspe Ici Ake Nupa Summary 150(3) Wjounspe Ici Ake Yamni (The Thirteenth Teaching) 153(15) The Letters T,T,T, and T' 153(1) Vocabulary for the Letters T,T,T, and T' 153(1) Colors 154(1) Tatuye Topa: ``The Four Winds'' 155(1) Consonant Clusters 156(2) Iblukcan 158(1) Woiyukcan 159(1) Creating Complex Sentences: Review 160(1) Creating Complex Sentences with Iblukcan 161(1) ``Indian Giver'' 162(1) Ca: ``That Is Why'' 163(1) Miye 164(1) Mis? 165(1) Miseya 165(1) Wounspe Ici Ake Yamni Summary 166(2) Wounspe Ici Ake Topa: Review (The Fourteenth Teaching: Review) 168(11) Lakota Alphabet System 168(1) Guidelines for M and N, and B and P 168(1) Dialogue and Greetings 169(1) Tiospaye 169(1) Addressing Your Spouse's Relatives 170(1) Gender Endings 171(1) Colors, Numbers, and the Directions 172(1) Expressing Time 172(1) Types of Conjugation 173(5) Vocabulary Units 178(1) Wounspe Ici Ake Zaptai: Final Exam (The Fifteenth Teaching: Final Exam) 179(3) Appendices 182(42) Contributors 224(2) Bibliography 226