Redesigning Accountability Systems for Education

Acknowledgments vii PART I INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction 3 (12) Susan H. Fuhrman 2. Complexity, Accountability, and School Improvement 15 (32) Jennifer A. O'Day PART II ISSUES IN DESIGNING ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEMS 3. Validity Issues for Accountability Systems 47 (26) Eva L. Baker and Robert L. Linn 4. Accountability Models 73 (23) Robert L. Linn 5. Benchmarking and Alignment of State Standards and Assessments 96 (19) Robert Rothman 6. Biting the Bullet: Including Special-Needs Students in Accountability Systems 115(26) Martha L. Thurlow PART III EFFECTS OF ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEMS 7. The Effects of Testing on Instruction 141 (26) Joan L. Herman 8. The Challenge of the High Schools 167 (22) Leslie Santee Siskin 9. Does External Accountability Affect Student Outcomes? A Cross-State Analysis 189 (31) Martin Carnoy and Susanna Loeb 10. High-Stakes Testing in a Changing Environment: Disparate Impact, Opportunity to Learn, and Current Legal Protections 220 (25) Jay P. Heubert PART IV MOVING FORWARD: REFINING ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEMS 11. "Slow Down, You Move Too Fast": The Politics of Making Changes in High-Stakes Accountability Policies for Students 245(29) Susan H. Fuhrman, Margaret E. Goertz, and Mark C. Duffy 12. Conclusion: The Problem of Stakes in Performance-Based Accountability Systems 274 (23) Richard F. Elmore About the Contributors 297(6) Index 303