Research Ethics for Social Scientists : Between Ethical Conduct and Regulatory Compliance

List of Tables and Boxes ix Acknowledgements x Abbreviations xi 1 Why Care About Ethics? 1(11) Introduction 1(1) Protecting Others, Minimizing Harm and Increasing the Sum of Good 2(1) Assuring Trust 3(2) Ensuring Research Integrity 5(1) Satisfying Organizational and Professional Demands 6(1) Coping with New and More Challenging Problems 7(3) From Concern to Conduct 10(2) 2 Ethical Approaches 12(11) Introduction 12(1) Consequentialist Approaches to Ethics 13(1) Non-Consequentialist Approaches to Ethics 14(3) Virtue Ethics 17(1) Some Other Normative Approaches to Ethics 18(4) Conclusion 22(1) 3 Codes and Principles 23(17) Introduction 23(4) The Nuremberg Code 27(3) The Declaration of Helsinki 30(2) The Belmont Report 32(5) CIOMS 37(2) Conclusion 39(1) 4 Regulating Ethics 40(20) Introduction 40(1) United States 41(4) Canada 45(2) Australia 47(3) New Zealand 50(1) United Kingdom 51(2) South Africa 53(1) Scandinavia 53(2) European Research Area 55(1) Local Research Ethics Committees 56(2) Conclusion 58(2) 5 Informed Consent 60(17) Introduction 60(1) What Constitutes Informed Consent? 61(6) The Practices of Informed Consent 67(8) Conclusion 75(2) 6 Confidentiality 77(18) Introduction 77(1) Justifications for Confidentiality 78(2) Negotiating Confidentiality 80(10) A Strategy for Protecting Confidential Data 90(1) Disclosing Confidential Information 91(1) Offering Limited Confidentiality 92(2) Conclusion 94(1) 7 Avoiding Harm and Doing Good 95(17) Introduction 95(1) Avoiding Harm 96(3) Doing Good 99(5) Balancing Costs, Risks, Benefits and Opportunities 104(6) Conclusion 110(2) 8 Relationships, Integrity and Ethics of Care 112(17) Introduction 112(1) Peers and Research Integrity 112(11) Other Relationships and Ethics of Care 123(4) Conclusion 127(2) 9 Between Ethical Conduct and Regulatory Compliance 129(16) Introduction 129(2) Ethical Conduct 131(4) Regulatory Compliance 135(5) Conduct or Compliance? 140(3) Conclusion 143(2) Appendix: Case-based Approaches to Ethical Practice 145(14) References 159(26) Index 185