Social Solidarity and the Gift

Preface ix Introduction 1(14) PART I THE GIFT: MEANINGS AND MOTIVES 1 The Social Meaning of Things 15(19) Things and Social Relationships 17(4) Four Different Types of Social Relationship 21(5) The Four Basic Meanings of Gifts 26(4) Conflicting Social Lives of Things 30(1) Things: Markers as Well as Marks of Relationship 31(3) 2 Patterns of Giving and Receiving 34(22) The Gift: Empirical Research 35(8) Psychological Functions of Giving 43(2) Motives to Give 45(5) Positive Feeling 46(1) Insecurity 47(1) Power and Prestige 47(1) Reciprocity, Equality 48(1) Self-Interest 48(1) Hostility, Hate, Contempt 49(1) Fiske's Four Models and the Motives to Give 50(2) Offensive and Embarrassing Gifts 52(1) The Debt Balance: Source of Relational Risks 53(3) 3 The Anatomy of Gratitude 56(20) The Spirit of the Gift 58(6) The Recipient of the Gift 64(3) Gratitude, Reciprocity, and Culture 67(4) Gratitude: The Moral Memory of Mankind 67(2) Gratitude, Power, Dependence 69(2) Gratitude Dissected 71(5) 4 Women, Gifts, and Power 76(25) Empirical Research on Women's Gift Giving 81(5) Presents and Money Gifts 82(1) Hospitality 83(1) Care and Help 83(1) Blood and Organs 84(2) Four Models to Interpret Women's Gift Giving 86(9) Asymmetrical Reciprocity in Favor of Men 86(2) Equivalent Reciprocity 88(2) Asymmetrical Reciprocity in Favor of Women 90(1) Alternating Asymmetry 91(4) The Paradox of Female Gift Giving 95(6) PART II SOLIDARITY AND SELECTIVITY 5 Social Theory and Social Ties 101(22) Classical Theory: Unity of Generosity and Self-Interest 103(9) Affective and Instrumental Bases of Solidarity 103(5) Reciprocity and Morality as Bases of Social Ties 108(4) Modern Theory: Splitting Up Affection and Utility 112(4) Solidarity and Rational Choice Theory 112(3) Norms, Values, and Emotions as Bases of Solidarity 115(1) Combining Anthropological and Sociological Theory 116(7) Reciprocal Obligation 116(2) Motives 118(2) Ritual 120(3) 6 Solidarity, Gifts, and Exclusion 123(21) Positive Manifestations of Solidarity 125(8) Giving Money 125(1) Giving Time 126(3) Giving Care 129(4) Negative Aspects and Consequences of Solidarity 133(3) The Two-Edged Sword of Solidarity 136(6) The Matthew Effect of Gift Giving 138(1) Philanthropic Particularism 139(3) Inherent Failures of Solidarity 142(2) 7 Family Solidarity 144(25) The Relationship between Generations 147(3) Family Solidarity: Empirical Research 150(9) Dimensions of Family Solidarity 150(2) The Nature of Family Ties 152(3) Intergenerational Solidarity: Values and Beliefs 155(2) Caring for Family 157(2) The Troubled Side of Family Solidarity 159(3) Macro- and Microsolidarity 162(3) Family Solidarity: Solid but Ambivalent 165(4) PART III CONTEMPORARY SOLIDARITY 8 Changing Solidarity 169(20) Changing Society, Changing Individuals 171(8) Individualization and Social Ties 171(2) The Assertive Self 173(2) Diversification and Uncertainty amid Strangers 175(2) Globalization and the New Society 177(2) Changes in Contemporary Solidarity 179(8) Traditional Solidarity 180(1) Local and Global Solidarity 181(3) Civil Solidarity 184(3) Transformed Solidarity 187(2) 9 Solidarity and the Gift 189(24) The Gift: Meanings and Motives 190(2) Solidarity and Selectivity 192(2) Contemporary Solidarity 194(1) Solidarity and the Gift 195(10) Recognition of the Other 195(2) Social Distance 197(2) Motives for Solidarity 199(2) Reciprocity: Gift and Sacrifice 201(4) Toward a Theoretical Model of Solidarity 205(3) From Organic to Segmented Solidarity 208(5) References 213(12) Index 225