Soundscapes - Exploring Music in a Changing World 2e : Exploring Music in a Changing World

Listening Guides xiv Preface xvii Introduction What Is a Soundscape? xxvi Overview and Main Points xxvii Introduction xxvii Case Study: The Throat Singers of Tuva xxviii What Is a Soundscape? xxxiv Locating a Soundscape xxxv Sound xxxvi Setting xxxix Significance xliv The Ever-Changing Nature of Soundscapes xlvi Case Study: David Hykes and the Harmonic Chant xlvi Part I Listening to Music Sound: The Materials of Music 2(46) Overview and Main Points 3(1) Introduction 4(1) What Is Music? 4(2) Characteristics of Sound 6(24) Quality 8(1) Sound Sources: The Voice 8(2) Sound Sources: Instruments 10(5) The Study and Classification of Musical Instruments 15(7) Intensity 22(1) Pitch 23(1) Hearing and Comparing Pitch Systems and Scales 23(2) Melody and Processes of Ornamentation 25(2) Duration 27(1) Hearing and Comparing Durational Systems 27(3) Listening for Musical Texture and Form 30(12) Hearing and Comparing Textures 32(6) Hearing and Comparing Forms 38(4) Processes of Musical Creativity: Composition, Performance, Improvisation 42(44) Conclusion 46(2) Setting: The Study of Local Musics 48(78) Overview and Main Points 49(1) Introduction: Setting the Stage 50(74) Case Study: Accra, Ghana 52(1) Multicultural Accra 53(6) Music in Ghanaian Christian Life 59(1) Accra's Global Connections 60(5) Case Study: Mumbai, India 65(1) The Ganesh Chaturthi Festival 65(2) Music of Mumbai's Ethnic Communities 67(5) The Mumbai Film Industry 72(5) Case Study: Boston, U.S.A. 77(1) Why Boston? 77(4) What Elements Make Up Boston's Musical Life? 81(2) Where and When Is Music Performed? 83(5) Who Makes the Music? 88(1) Irish 88(1) Portuguese 89(3) Ethiopians 92(5) Boston's Defining Musical Communities 97(1) Campus Music 98(6) Folk Music 104(12) Early Music 116(6) Boston's Distinctive Musical Profile 122(2) Conclusion 124(2) Significance: Music's Meaning in Everyday Life 126(42) Overview and Main Points 127(1) Introduction 127(40) Case Study: South Indian Raga Nilambari 130(10) Case Study: The Quinceanera 140(6) Case Study: Bagpipe Music 146(3) Sound 149(6) Setting 155(1) Death and Commemoration 155(8) Entertainment and Dance 163(1) Competition and Concerts 164(2) Significance 166(1) Conclusion 167(1) Part II Transmitting Music Music and Migration 168(46) Overview and Main Points 169(1) Introduction 169(4) Voluntary Migration 173(15) Case Study: The Chinese Migration 175(7) Case Study: Arab Migration from the Middle East 182(6) Forced Migration 188(24) Case Study: African Forced Migrations 188(4) Case Study: The Vietnamese Migration 192(9) The National Road Song Cycle 201(4) Sound 205(5) Setting 210(1) Significance 211(1) Conclusion 212(2) Music and Memory 214(42) Overview and Main Points 215(1) Introduction 215(5) Remembering through Music 220(5) Case Study: The Corrido 220(5) Commemorating through Music 225(7) Case Study: The Jazz Funeral 225(7) Reconciling Memories through Music 232(22) Case Study: The Syrian Jewish Pizmon 232(1) The Sound of the Pizmon 232(6) The Settings of Pizmon Performance 238(3) Musical Sources for Diaspora Pizmonim 241(3) Continuing Use of Arab Melodies 244(10) Conclusion 254(2) Music, Mobility, and the Global Marketplace 256(44) Overview and Main Points 257(1) Introduction 257(6) Travel and Tourism 263(8) Case Study: Transmitting the Hawaiian Sound 264(7) Intercultural Transmission and Boundary Crossing 271(11) Case Study: New Music for Balinese Gamelan 271(11) Music as Art and Commodity 282(16) Case Study: Traveling the Silk Road 285(3) The Silk Road's New Settings 288(1) Connecting Silk Road Sounds and Significances 289(9) Conclusion 298(2) Part III Understanding Music Music and Dance 300(44) Overview and Main Points 301(1) Introduction 301(4) Hearing and Feeling the Dance 305(24) Case Study: Moving through Time and Space with Bhangra 307(13) Case Study: The Polka 320(9) Dance Styles and Their Multiple Meanings 329(13) Case Study: The Tango 329(2) Sounds and Steps 331(3) Settings 334(1) New Sounds for the Concert Hall 335(7) Significance 342(1) Conclusion 342(2) Music and Ritual 344(36) Overview and Main Points 345(1) Introduction 345(3) The Centrality of Chant 348(5) Case Study: Tibetan Buddhist Chant 348(5) The Changing Contexts of Ritual Performance 353(25) Case Study: Santeria 353(7) Case Study: Ethiopian Christian Chant 360(2) Ethiopian Chant in Its Historical Homeland 362(1) Sound 363(8) Ethiopian Chant in the North American Diaspora 371(3) The Impact of Changing Settings on Liturgical Music at Home and Abroad 374(2) Significance 376(2) Conclusion 378(2) Music and Politics 380(40) Overview and Main Points 381(1) Introduction 381(1) Musics of Power and Resistance 382(36) Case Study: The Birth of a National Anthem 383(5) Case Study: Reggae 388(10) Case Study: The Shoshone Powwow 398(2) The Setting of Shoshone Indian Days 400(9) The Flag Song's Sound and Significance 409(4) Honoring Warriors in Song: The War Dance 413(3) The Changing Settings of Powwow Music 416(2) Conclusion 418(2) Music and Identity 420(48) Overview and Main Points 421(1) Introduction 421(3) Expressing Individual and Group Identities through Music 424(37) Case Study: The Music of a Persian Composer 424(13) Case Study: The Multiple Meanings of Karaoke 437(7) Case Study: Multiple Identities in Cajun and Zydeco Musics 444(1) The French Heritage of Creoles and Cajuns 445(2) Settings: Musics of Place 447(7) Sound and Significance: Singing Ethnicity, Race, and Class 454(3) Zydeco's Kings and Queens 457(1) Raising Voices Together: Uniting Cajun and Zydeco 458(3) Conclusion 461(7) Epilogue 468 Appendix: Classifying Musical Instruments 1(1) Notes and Sources 1(1) Glossary 1(1) Credits 1(1) Index 1