Space Mission Analysis and Design

List of Authors ix Preface xvii The Space Mission Analysis and Design Process 1(18) Introduction and Overview 1(6) The Space Mission Life Cycle 7(5) Definition of Mission Objectives 12(3) Preliminary Estimate of Mission Needs, Requirements, and Constraints 15(4) Mission Characterization 19(28) Identifying Alternative Mission Concepts 21(11) Identifying Alternative Mission Architectures 32(5) Identifying System Drivers 37(1) Characterizing the Mission Architecture 38(9) Mission Evaluation 47(26) Identification of Critical Requirements 48(1) Mission Analysis 49(10) Mission Utility 59(10) Mission Concept Selection 69(4) Requirements Definition 73(22) Role of Requirements in System Development 74(6) Requirements Analysis and Performance Budgeting 80(10) Requirements Documentation and Specifications 90(3) Summary: The Steps to a Requirements Baseline 93(2) Space Mission Geometry 95(36) Introduction to Geometry on the Celestial Sphere 98(12) Earth Geometry Viewed from Space 110(7) Apparent Motion of Satellites for an Observer on the Earth 117(6) Development of Mapping and Pointing Budgets 123(8) Introduction to Astrodynamics 131(28) Keplerian Orbits 132(9) Orbit Perturbations 141(5) Orbit Maneuvering 146(7) Launch Windows 153(2) Orbit Maintenance 155(4) Orbit and Constellation Design 159(44) The Orbit Design Process 160(3) Earth Coverage 163(13) The ΔV Budget 176(3) Selecting Orbits for Earth-Referenced Spacecraft 179(4) Selecting Transfer, Parking, and Space-Referenced Orbits 183(5) Constellation Design 188(15) The Space Environment and Survivability 203(38) The Space Environment 203(18) Hardness and Survivability Requirements 221(20) Space Payload Design and Sizing 241(60) Payload Design and Sizing Process 245(4) Mission Requirements and Subject Trades 249(6) Background 255(11) Observation Payload Design 266(12) Observation Payload Sizing 278(13) Examples 291(10) Spacecraft Design and Sizing 301(52) Requirements, Constraints, and the Design Process 304(4) Spacecraft Configuration 308(6) Design Budgets 314(4) Designing the Spacecraft Bus 318(18) Integrating the Spacecraft Design 336(3) Examples 339(14) Spacecraft Subsystems 353(166) Attitude Determination and Control 354(27) Telemetry, Tracking, and Command 381(14) Command and Data Handling 395(12) Power 407(21) Thermal 428(31) Structures and Mechanisms 459(38) Guidance and Navigation 497(22) Space Manufacture and Test 519(14) Engineering Data 521(1) Manufacture of High-Reliability Hardware 521(2) Inspection and Quality Assurance 523(1) The Qualification Program 524(5) Spacecraft Qualification Test Flow 529(1) Launch Site Operations 530(3) Communications Architecture 533(54) Communications Architecture 534(9) Data Rates 543(7) Link Design 550(20) Sizing the Communications Payload 570(5) Special Topics 575(12) Mission Operations 587(34) Developing a Mission Operations Plan 590(10) Overview of Space Mission Operations Functions 600(11) Estimating the Size and Cost of Mission Operations 611(5) Automating Spacecraft and Ground Operations Functions 616(5) Ground System Design and Sizing 621(24) The Ground System Design Process 623(1) A Ground System's Basic Elements 624(5) The Typical Ground System 629(7) Alternatives to Building a Dedicated System 636(6) Key Design Considerations 642(3) Spacecraft Computer Systems 645(40) Computer System Specification 649(11) Computer Resource Estimation 660(13) FireSat Example 673(12) Space Propulsion Systems 685(34) Propulsion Subsystem Selection and Sizing 687(1) Basics of Rocket Propulsion 688(3) Types of Rockets 691(17) Component Selection and Sizing 708(8) Staging 716(3) Launch Systems 719(26) Basic Launch Vehicle Considerations 720(3) Launch System Selection Process 723(12) Determining the Spacecraft Design Envelope and Environments 735(10) Space Manufacturing and Reliability 745(38) Designing Space Systems for Manufacturability 745(20) Reliability for Space Mission Planning 765(18) Cost Modeling 783(38) Introduction to Cost Analysis 784(7) The Parametric Cost Estimation Process 791(4) Cost Estimating Relationships 795(9) Other Topics 804(7) FireSat Example 811(10) Limits on Mission Design 821(32) Law and Policy Considerations 821(19) Orbital Debris--A Space Hazard 840(13) Design of Low-Cost Spacecraft 853(30) Designing Low-Cost Space Systems 858(5) Small Space Systems Capabilities and Applications 863(6) Applying Miniature Satellite Technology to FireSat 869(2) Scaling from Large to Small Systems 871(2) Economics of Low-Cost Space Systems 873(8) Annotated Bibliography on Low-Cost Space Systems 881(2) Applying the Space Mission Analysis and Design 883(40) Applying SMAD to Later Mission Phases 884(4) Lessons Learned from Existing Space Programs 888(1) Future Trends 889(5) APPENDICES Appendix A. Mass Distribution for Selected Satellites 894(3) Appendix B. Astronautical and Astrophysical Data 897(5) Appendix C. Elliptical Orbit Equations 902(2) Appendix D. Spherical Geometry Formulas 904(4) Appendix E. Universal Time and Julian Dates 908(6) Appendix F. Units and Conversion Factors 914(9) Index 923