Techniques of the Contemporary Composer

Introduction xi 1. BASICS 1(11) Approaches to Composition 1(3) Skills and Tools 4(3) The Profession 7(1) Rudiments of Orchestration and Form 8(4) 2. THE TONAL LEGACY 12(14) Basic Key Concepts 12(3) Chromaticism 15(2) Expansions and Planing 17(2) Polytonality 19(7) 3. NEW ROLES OF MELODY 26(12) Scales 26(2) Motives 28(1) Basic Melodic Concepts 29(3) Extended Melodic Lines 32(2) Accompaniments 34(4) 4. HARMONY, COUNTERPOINT, AND HIERARCHY 38(8) The Overtone Series 38(1) Texture 39(1) Consonance and Dissonance 39(1) Interval Strengths 40(1) Roots 41(1) Progression Strengths and Chromaticism 42(4) 5. INTERVAL EXPLORATION 46(12) Basic Concepts 46(2) Fifth and Fourth Chords 48(2) Second and Seventh Chords 50(5) Interval Combinations 55(3) 6. SERIALISM 58(19) The Row 58(3) Category Analysis and Composition 61(3) Combinatoriality 64(2) Nonpitch Serialism 66(5) Pointillism 71(3) Klangfarbenmelodie 74(3) 7. PITCH-CLASS SETS 77(12) Basic Pitch-Class Sets 77(1) Analyzing Sets 77(6) Composing with Pitch-Class Sets 83(1) Vectors and Z-Complements 84(1) Invariance and Other Variations 85(4) 8. RHYTHM AND METER 89(10) Bar Lines and Pulsation 89(1) Freeing Metric Constraints 90(3) Metric Modulation 93(1) Proportional Notation 94(1) Variations and Overviews 95(4) 9. TEXTURE AND MODULATIONS 99(23) Texture 99(2) Micropolyphony 101(7) Spatial Modulation 108(5) Timbre Modulation 113(2) Rhythmic and Other Modulations 115(7) 10. MICROTONES 122(7) Basic Principles 122(2) Equal Temperament 124(1) Intonation and Tuning Systems 125(1) Microtones 125(4) 11. PERCUSSION AND THE PREPARED PIANO 129(7) Instrument Types 129(1) Notations and Effects 130(1) Organization, Direction, and Drama 131(2) Prepared Piano 133(3) 12. NEW TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS 136(14) Percussive Effects 136(2) Multiphonics 138(1) Muting Effects 139(2) Extensions of Traditional Techniques 141(1) Other Effects 142(2) New Instruments 144(6) 13. NEW NOTATIONS 150(11) Metric and Improvisational Notation 150(1) Proportional and Graphic Notation 151(2) Cluster Notation 153(1) Microtone Notation 154(1) Percussion and Piano Notation 155(2) Electronic and Computer Notation 157(1) Notations of Nontraditional Techniques 158(3) 14. INDETERMINACY 161(7) Composer Indeterminacy 162(2) Performer Indeterminacy 164(1) Mobiles and Stochastic Music 165(2) Uses of Indeterminacy 167(1) 15. MUSIQUE CONCRETE 168(9) Sources 168(1) Basic Techniques 168(1) Recorders and Tape 169(2) Tape Manipulation and Effects 171(6) 16. ELECTRONIC MUSIC 177(15) General Acoustic Principles 177(1) Electronic Sound Sources 177(2) Sound Manipulation 179(2) Mixing and Editing 181(8) MIDI 189(3) 17. ALGORITHMIC COMPOSITION 192(14) Composition Processes and Approaches 192(2) General Programming Techniques 194(1) Mathematical Sources 195(2) Musical Sources 197(6) Interactive and Collaborative Composition 203(3) 18. MEDIA FORMS 206(10) Multimedia 206(3) Mixed Media 209(3) Intermedia 212(2) Virtual Reality 214(2) 19. MINIMALISM 216(6) Silence as Minimalism 216(1) Concept Music 217(1) Brevity Works 218(1) Continuities 218(1) Phase and Pattern Music 219(3) 20. EXPERIMENTAL MUSIC 222(8) Situation and Circumstance Music 222(1) Soundscapes 223(1) Biomusic 224(2) Antimusic 226(4) 21. DECATEGORIZATION 230(9) Eclecticism 231(1) Quotation 232(1) Sectionalization 233(1) Overlays 234(2) Integration 236(3) Bibliography 239(8) Index 247