Testing Second Language Speaking

List of tables and figures x Preface xi Acknowledgements xvi List of abbreviations xx 1 The history of testing second language speaking 1(17) 2 Defining the construct 18(32) 3 Tasks for second language speaking tests 50(38) 4 Rating scales 88(28) 5 Test specifications 116(22) 6 Raters, training and administration 138(33) 7 Evaluating second language speaking tests 171(28) 8 Researching second language speaking tests 199(27) Appendices 226(30) References 256(21) Index 277