The Antitrust Laws : A Primer

Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1(4) The Origins and Objectives of Antitrust 5(10) Philosophical Origins 5(2) Historical Background 7(3) Objectives of the Antitrust Laws 10(5) The Statutes 15(9) The Sherman Act 15(5) The Clayton Act 20(2) The Federal Trade Commission Act 22(2) The Institutions and Procedures 24(6) Picking Targets 26(1) Criminal Prosecutions 27(1) Going to Court 28(1) Settlements 29(1) The Analytical Framework: Markets and Market Power 30(6) The Product Market 31(1) The Geographic Market 32(1) The Competitors 32(1) Market Power 33(3) Unilateral Activity 36(8) Attempt to Monopolize 38(2) Monopolization 40(4) Competitors 44(13) Price-Fixing 45(5) Market Division 50(2) Collective Refusals to Deal 52(2) Joint Ventures and Other Horizontal Agreements 54(3) Mergers and Acquisitions 57(14) Premerger Notification Procedures 58(3) Horizontal Mergers 61(6) Vertical Mergers 67(1) Conglomerate Mergers 68(3) Relations with Customers 71(14) Vertical Price Restraints 72(4) Vertical Nonprice Restraints 76(1) Tying Arrangements 77(3) Exclusive Dealing 80(1) Price Discrimination 81(2) Vertical Refusals to Deal 83(2) Intellectual Property 85(23) Analysis of Antitrust Claims 91(3) Acquisition of Intellectual Property Rights 94(1) Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights 95(4) Licensing 99(9) Complementary Regimes 108(6) State Antitrust Enforcement 108(3) Private Actions 111(3) International Antitrust Enforcement 114(23) U.S. Enforcement Abroad 115(5) European Union Enforcement 120(7) Antitrust Enforcement by EU Member States 127(2) Canadian Antitrust Enforcement 129(2) International Merger Notification 131(1) International Antitrust Enforcement Cooperation 132(5) Compliance 137(8) Written Guidelines 138(1) Compliance Sessions 139(1) Documents 140(3) Periodic Audits 143(2) Some Common-Sense Guidelines 145(4) Epilogue 149(4) Appendix A: Basic Antitrust Statutes 153(6) The Sherman Act, 1890 153(1) The Clayton Act, 1914 154(4) The Federal Trade Commission Act, 1914 158(1) Appendix B: The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 159(2) Appendix C: The EC Treaty 161(2) Appendix D: Further Reading 163(2) Notes 165(10) Index 175(14) About the Authors 189