The Art of the Song Recital

Preface xv Acknowledgments xix The Song Recital 1(22) Evolution 1(5) Contemporary Programming 6(14) The Recitalist 20(3) Rewards and Satisfactions 20(1) Skills 20(1) The ``Entertainer'' 21(2) Program Building 23(14) The Traditional Recital Program 23(3) The Specialized Program 26(1) Building Vocal Recital Programs 27(7) A Method Outline 27(2) Explanatory Notes 29(5) Guidelines for Practice 34(3) Constructing Sample Programs 37(26) How the Spanish Program Was Constructed 37(6) Responses and Results: Did It Work? 43(1) How the Romantic Program Was Constructed 43(4) Responses and Results: Did It Work? 47(1) How the French Program Was Constructed 48(4) Responses and Results: Did It Work? 52(1) How the Twentieth-Century Program Was Constructed 53(4) Responses and Results: Did It Work? 57(1) How the Cycles Program Was Constructed 58(4) Responses and Results: Did it Work? 62(1) More Sample Programs 63(18) A Goethe Liederabend (For Mezzo-soprano and Instruments) 63(1) A Program of Ensemble Music (For Soprano and Tenor with Various Instrumental Combinations) 64(1) A Traditional Recital Program (For Soprano) 65(1) A Program of Music by Women Composers (For Female Voices) 66(1) A Joint Recital (For Soprano and Baritone) 67(1) A Traditional Program (For Contralto and String Quartet) 68(1) A Program of Early Twentieth-Century Music (For Soprano) 69(1) A Seasonal (Christmas) Joint Recital (For Soprano and Mezzosoprano) 70(1) A Program for Tenor and Piano with Chamber Ensemble 71(1) A Program of Twentieth-Century American Music (For Mezzosoprano) 71(1) A Traditional Program (For Bass) 72(1) A Program of Quartets and Duets (For Soprano, Mezzo-soprano, Tenor, and Baritone) 73(1) A Duet Recital (For Soprano and Mezzo-soprano) 74(1) A Scandinavian Program (For Dramatic Soprano) 75(1) A Program of Music by Black Composers (For Soprano, Mezzo-soprano, and Tenor) 76(1) Another Traditional Recital Program (For Soprano) 77(1) A Bicentennial Program of American Music (For Soprano) 78(1) A Joint Program of the Music of Two Composers: Haydn and List (For Mezzo-soprano and Pianist) 79(1) Guidelines for Practice 79(2) The Unique Needs of the Young Artist 81(28) Essentials 81(4) Preparation and Training 85(6) Programming 91(8) The Young Singer 91(2) The Studio Group Recital 93(2) Debut Recital 95(4) Sample Programs for Young Singers 99(9) A Traditional Program for a Young Lyric Soprano 100(1) A Traditional Program for a Young Mezzo-Soprano 101(1) A Traditional Program for a Young Baritone 102(1) A Traditional Program for a Young Tenor 103(1) A Traditional Program for a Young Lyric Soprano 104(1) A Traditional Program for a Young Bass-Baritone 105(1) A Joint Program (Tenor and Bass-Baritone) for Two Young Artists 106(1) A Duet Program (Mezzo-Soprano and Baritone) for Two Young Artists 107(1) Guidelines for Practice 108(1) The Singing Actor 109(22) Recreating the Song 109(3) The Song as a Microcosm of Drama 112(4) Spontaneity and Planning 113(2) The Iceberg Theory 115(1) Techniques 116(7) Eyes and Face 118(2) Gestures 120(1) The Body 120(3) Guidelines for Practice 123(8) The Accompanist 131(18) General Responsibilities 131(6) Languages 133(1) The Page Turner 134(1) Performance Mishaps 134(3) Interpretive Concerns 137(4) Composer Markings 137(1) Vocal Effects 138(1) Breath Markings 139(1) Phrasing 139(1) Performance Practice and Composer's Intentions 140(1) Indirect Influence 141(1) Guidance In Ensemble 142(2) Proper Coordination of Arpeggios 142(1) Tempo Suggestions 142(1) The Ritard, Accelerando, and Rubato 143(1) Starting a Career 144(1) Repertoire List for Beginning Accompanists 145(1) Guidelines for Practice 146(3) Recital Tactics and Strategies 149(22) The Recital from Its Initiation to the Critics' Responses 149(22) Research 171(10) A Plea for the Necessity of Doing Musical and Literary Research 171(4) Suggested Titles for Recital Singers and Accompanists 175(3) Guidelines for Practice 178(3) Methods of Study and Memorization 181(28) Learning the Music, the First Step 181(2) Studying the Song 183(14) Form 183(2) Accompaniment and Structure 185(1) Language and Diction 185(5) Text and Subtext 190(3) The Recitative 193(2) Accompaniment and Subtext 195(2) Memorizing 197(4) Guidelines for Practice 201(8) New Music 209(42) Overview 209(3) Rejection or Acceptance of New Music 212(3) Programming 215(5) Performance Responsibilities 220(23) Accuracy 221(11) Knowledge of Styles, Concepts, and Composers 232(1) Table I Chronology of Activities in Nonharmonic Composing Since 1900 232(3) Table II Definitions of New Music Terms 235(5) Interpretation 240(3) Summary 243(7) Table III New Music Composer/Teachers and Their Students 244(6) Guidelines for Practice 250(1) Vocal Ensemble Music 251(8) Voice with Instruments 251(5) A Historical Canvas 251(2) Program Advantages 253(1) Performance Problems of Early Music 253(3) Voice with Other Voices 256(3) The Song Cycle 259(12) An Attempt at Definition 259(1) A Historical Survey 260(6) The Cycle in Performance 266(1) Programming 267(2) Guidelines for Practice 269(2) Folk Music and Popular Music 271(10) The Influence on Serious Composition 271(2) Programming 273(4) The Twentieth Century 277(3) Suggested Readings in Folk Music and Popular Music 280(1) The Future of the Song Recital 281(22) The Need for Change 281(7) Innovations 288(15) Appendix 303(290) Guide to Use 303(2) List of Abbreviations 305(1) Repertoire Lists by Composer 306(239) Voice with Instruments 306(84) Anthologies of Vocal Compositions with Instrumental Accompaniment 390(3) Voice with Other Voices 393(33) Vocal Ensemble Anthologies 426(2) Song Cycles, Sets, and Collections 428(100) Song Anthologies 528(8) Folksong Anthologies 536(9) Repertoire Lists by Voice and Instrument(s) 545(24) Single Voice with One or More Instruments 545(15) Cycles with Keyboard Accompaniment Only 560(1) Voice with Other Voices, Instrumental Accompaniment 561(6) Voice with Other Voice(s), Keyboard Accompaniment Only 567(1) Voice with Other Voice(s), A Cappella 568(1) Voice with Other Voice(s), Unusual Combinations or Unspecified Voices 568(1) Ordering and Purchasing Music 569(3) List of Music Publishers and Agents 572(21) Bibliography 593